SpringSource SpringSource Core-Spring (based on

World’s biggest Pizza Hut Franchisee Selects SpringSource tc Server for contemporary Java structure within VMware atmosphere | killexams.com Real Questions and Pass4sure dumps

PALO ALTO, Calif.--(enterprise WIRE)--SpringSource, a division of VMware, Inc. (NYSE:VMW) and the leader in Java application infrastructure and management, nowadays announced that NPC overseas, the realm’s biggest Pizza Hut franchisee, has deployed several interior internet functions on SpringSource tc Server. NPC international replaced JBoss’s application server with tc Server, and it now advantages from dramatic efficiency advancements and useful resource consolidation in keeping with the skill to installation a few tc Server run-instances inside an inner private cloud atmosphere.

“i realized that the JBoss servers had been having efficiency issues, when the underlying elements driving the apps do not have had such considerations, and with the aid of switching to tc Server, I have eradicated these performance issues,” spoke of Jon Brisbin, portal webmaster for NPC international. “furthermore, I could not have deployed the applications within VMware digital machines with out tc Server.”

NPC overseas operates greater than 1,150 Pizza Hut eating places global, plus places of work and different sites, and it has adopted net-primarily based applications for quite a lot of internal capabilities, such as payroll, HR operations and bill approval for deciding to buy of pizza constituents and other elements. The internet purposes are developed the use of the SpringSource-led Spring Framework, and for this reason the transition to tc Server became seamless.

to maximize inside components, NPC overseas created a non-public cloud of infrastructure substances virtualized with VMware vSphere™. Twelve tc Server situations at the moment are working on a single physical field, and lots of means exists to installation further tc Server circumstances, in line with Brisbin.

via making a choice on tc Server as the most suitable location to deploy Spring-based purposes, NPC overseas recognizes a few merits:

effortless deployment of virtual and cloud infrastructures – because tc Server’s footprint is small, it is ideal for deployment inside NPC overseas’s VMware ambiance, which creates a non-public cloud of IT components for the business. within the process, NPC international is in a position to maximize inside server substances by means of eliminating assorted machines crucial to run numerous application server run times.

Dramatic advancements in performance – With the outdated utility server, conclusion clients were subjected to a lot of performance-connected problems that both fixed themselves or required an utility reboot. Such problems wasted conclusion consumer time and required steady attention by way of Brisbin and his group.

Lean, up to date Java infrastructure simplifies construction and deployment – NPC foreign depends on Spring-primarily based building to capitalize on the numerous merits of the contemporary Spring platform. tc Server gives a lean deployment atmosphere, and is part of the complete line of SpringSource options, which encompass lean tactics for building, deploying and managing Java purposes.

“tc Server is the absolute best deployment atmosphere for Spring applications, and the performance and simplification merits NPC foreign has received are commonplace if you pair the Spring Framework with tc Server,” spoke of Shaun Connolly, vp of product management for the SpringSource division of VMware. “furthermore, given its lean, modern approach and minimal footprint, tc Server is ultimate for deploying purposes on digital servers, and that is the best path towards cloud computing.”

About SpringSource

SpringSource, a division of VMware, Inc., (NYSE: VMW) and the leader in Java software infrastructure and management, gives an entire suite of application items that accelerate the total build, run, manage business Java utility lifecycle. SpringSource employs the open supply leaders who created and power innovation for Spring, the de facto average programming mannequin for business Java applications. SpringSource additionally employs the Java and internet thought leaders in the Apache Tomcat, Apache HTTP Server, Hyperic, Groovy and Grails open source communities. practically half of the world 2000, together with lots of the world’s main retail, economic services, manufacturing, healthcare, technology and public sector valued clientele are SpringSource customers. For greater guidance talk over with: www.springsource.com.

SpringSource, the SpringSource emblem and design, VMware and VMware vSphere are registered emblems and/or logos of VMware, Inc. in the u.s. and/or different jurisdictions.

VMware Forks Over $420 Million for SpringSource (Plus the press unlock, and so on.) | killexams.com Real Questions and Pass4sure dumps

It’s certainly acquisition fever in Silicon Valley today.

After it become introduced that that social networking colossal facebook had purchased on-line content material sharing beginning-up FriendFeed, now comes the news that VMware has purchased SpringSource, a privately held enterprise and web utility building and administration cloud computing start-up.

The price? that might be $420 million in money and inventory.

while the blogosphere–together with BoomTown–will inevitably find the FaceFeed deal more riveting, this one is undoubtedly extra critical.

With the buy of San Mateo, Ca.-based SpringSource, Palo Alto, Calif.-primarily based, VMware (VMW)–which is a right participant in the virtualization area–is including to its cloud-computing utility-management strength and its ties to the open-supply group.

pointed out VMware in an announcement in regards to the five-year-ancient SpringSource buy:

“VMware will acquire SpringSource for about $362 million in money and equity plus the belief of about $fifty eight million of unvested inventory and alternatives. The acquisition has been accepted by using SpringSource’s stockholders and is expected to shut in the third quarter of 2009, field to customary closing circumstances.”

right here’s the whole press free up from VMware (plus, here is a link to a weblog post by using SpringSource CEO Rod Johnson:

SpringSource Boosts Java Framework with Spring three | killexams.com Real Questions and Pass4sure dumps

information

SpringSource Boosts Java Framework with Spring 3

by means of John k. Waters

10/19/2009

SpringSource today unveiled the latest edition of its Java development framework, together with a brand new developer edition of its Apache Tomcat-based mostly application server.

Spring 3.0 is a big improve of the accepted dev framework, observed Shaun Connolly, SpringSource vice president of product administration. SpringSource, which was got ultimate month by using VMware (see VMware Reaches for the Clouds with Deal to acquire SpringSource), is the executive commercial sponsor of the open-supply Spring Framework.

Spring three.0 elements full help for RESTful web functions and a brand new expression language. the new Developer edition of the tc Server is designed to supply builders visibility and assistance when debugging and efficiency tweaking their Spring apps.

Slated for liberate subsequent month, the business observed Spring three.0 will be 100 percent backward-suitable with Spring 2.5 purposes. Spring 3.0 will also be suitable with the SpringSource device Suite, the free Eclipse-based dev atmosphere for building Spring apps.

The Developer version of the tc Server is a free business product attainable now for download from the SpringSource down load middle. It’s also bundled in the free SpringSource tool Suite. "The Developer version takes the Apache-Tomcat core of our broader SpringSource tc Server offering and adds deep perception for Java developers into the efficiency features and execution details of their Spring applications,” Connolly stated.

The tc Server Developer version ships with Spring insight, a dashboard designed to supply builders with real-time Spring application performance metrics. The dashboard is aimed toward agile developers and the QA crew, Connolly talked about.

Deeper Into SpringSpringSource unwrapped each products at its “SpringOne 2GX” developer conference, below way this week in New Orleans. This 12 months’s fifth annual adventure combines the SpringOne developer reveal with the area's greatest convention on Groovy (the article oriented Java programming option) and Grails (the web-app framework for Groovy). The convention comprises eight simultaneous tracks masking Spring, Groovy/Grails, Apache and Hyperic.

Spring is a layered Java/J2EE framework in line with code published within the publication skilled One-on-One Java EE Design and development (Wrox Press, October 2002), by SpringSource co-founder Rod Johnson. He also wrote the first version of the framework. Johnson now serves as conventional supervisor of the SpringSource division of VMware.

A key function of the Spring 3.0 liberate is the brand new Spring Expression Language (SpEL), which made the rounds throughout the summer season in a couple of group releases. Connolly describes it as a sort of core parser for bean definitions.

“you can feel of it as a mini-scripting language that’s grafted onto the Spring programming model that will also be used to describe tasks and configurations across Spring projects,” he mentioned. “It makes it possible for a richer interplay with XML configuration information when wiring beans, and it’s additionally useful in security and integration scenarios. It’s just an easier approach for developers to do their job: as a substitute of writing 20 traces of Java code, they could write a single line the usage of the Expression Language.”

The SpEL additionally units the stage for much more entertaining improvements, once SpringSource entirely integrates with VMware, observed Bradley Shimmin, fundamental analyst at existing evaluation.

“Being capable of categorical the metadata they use in the [Spring] beans extra thoroughly goes to let them push the information down into the VM more quite simply, so that the VM is more aware of what’s going in the functions that you’re constructing in Spring,” Shimmin pointed out. “and that i consider that’s going to permit VMware/SpringSource to do some pretty cool stuff when it comes to assisting customers construct applications that may reply to environmental needs, reminiscent of processing cycles in actual time in a an awful lot more bendy manner.”

No less crucial, Shimmin mentioned, is rest enablement in Spring three.0. “on every occasion I seek advice from the companies during this area that cope with the application infrastructure side of things, all of them preach having open APIs and the usage of each SOA and RESTful strategies for concocting transactions between methods," he stated. "So it became an important step for SpringSource to provide this comprehensive aid for the RESTful structure. This enables firms to interface with any supplier growing utility that makes use of RESTful APIs."

Spring 3.0 also offers early help for JSR 330, the Java Specification Request with the Java group system (JCP) for a standardized, extensible dependency injection API for Java. The JSR is sponsored by means of SpringSource and Google, and Rod Johnson is likely one of the spec leads.

SpringSource has dependent a superior presence among builders, talked about Forrester research analyst John Rymer, and the business has been increasing its choices for a while to supply administration, runtimes, and development equipment. these days’s two product releases present proof that the business’s acquisition by way of VMware may neatly deliver the further components it must pursue that evolving product method. It’s additionally proof that, to this point at the least, VMware is letting SpringSource go its personal way.

SpringOne convention organizers are emphasizing that its listing of key sponsors this year contains Adobe and Microsoft. “i love to see that,” mentioned Connolly, “as a result of there’s a fair variety of individuals doing rich-consumers the use of Adobe, as well as Microsoft technologies to leverage a Spring center tier.”

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Core-Spring (based on Spring 3.2)

A Guide to Spring Framework Annotations | killexams.com real questions and Pass4sure dumps

The Java programming language provided support for annotations from Java 5.0 onward. Leading Java frameworks were quick to adopt annotations, and the Spring Framework started using annotations from the 2.5 release. Due to the way they are defined, annotations provide a lot of context in their declaration.

Prior to annotations, the behavior of the Spring Framework was largely controlled through XML configuration. Today, the use of annotations provide us tremendous capabilities in how we configure the behaviors of the Spring Framework.

In this post, we’ll take a look at the annotations available in the Spring Framework.

Core Spring Framework Annotations @Required

This annotation is applied to bean setter methods. Consider a scenario where you need to enforce a required property. The @Required annotation indicates that the affected bean must be populated at configuration time with the required property. Otherwise, an exception of type BeanInitializationException is thrown.

@Autowired

This annotation is applied to fields, setter methods, and constructors. The @Autowired annotation injects object dependency implicitly.

When you use @Autowired on fields and pass the values for the fields using the property name, Spring will automatically assign the fields with the passed values.

You can even use @Autowired on private properties, as shown below. (This is a very poor practice though!)

public class Customer { @Autowired private Person person; private int type; }

When you use @Autowired on setter methods, Spring tries to perform it by Type autowiring on the method. You are instructing Spring that it should initiate this property using a setter method where you can add your custom code, like initializing any other property with this property.

public class Customer { private Person person; @Autowired public void setPerson (Person person) { this.person=person; } }

Consider a scenario where you need an instance of class A, but you do not store A in the field of the class. You just use A to obtain an instance of B, and you are storing B in this field. In this case, setter method autowiring will better suit you. You will not have class-level unused fields.

When you use @Autowired on a constructor, then constructor injection happens at the time of object creation. It tells the constructor to autowire when used as a bean. One thing to note here is that only one constructor of any bean class can carry the @Autowired annotation.

@Component public class Customer { private Person person; @Autowired public Customer (Person person) { this.person=person; } }

NOTE: As of Spring 4.3, @Autowired became optional on classes with a single constructor. In the above example, Spring would still inject an instance of the Person class if you omitted the @Autowired annotation.

@Qualifier

This annotation is used along with the @Autowired annotation. When you need more control of the dependency injection process, @Qualifier can be used. @Qualifier can be specified on individual constructor arguments or method parameters. This annotation is used to avoid the confusion that occurs when you create more than one bean of the same type and want to wire only one of them with a property.

Consider an example where an interface BeanInterface is implemented by two beans, BeanB1 and BeanB2.

@Component public class BeanB1 implements BeanInterface { // } @Component public class BeanB2 implements BeanInterface { // }

Now if BeanA autowires this interface, Spring will not know which one of the two implementations to inject.

One solution to this problem is the use of the @Qualifier annotation.

@Component public class BeanA { @Autowired @Qualifier("beanB2") private IBean dependency; ... }

With the @Qualifier annotation added, Spring will now know which bean to autowire, where beanB2 is the name of BeanB2.

@Configuration

This annotation is used on classes that define beans. @Configuration is an analog for an XML configuration file – it is configuration using Java classes. A Java class annotated with @Configuration is a configuration by itself and will have methods to instantiate and configure the dependencies.

Here is an example:

@Configuartion public class DataConfig { @Bean public DataSource source() { DataSource source = new OracleDataSource(); source.setURL(); source.setUser(); return source; } @Bean public PlatformTransactionManager manager() { PlatformTransactionManager manager = new BasicDataSourceTransactionManager(); manager.setDataSource(source()); return manager; } } @ComponentScan

This annotation is used with the @Configuration annotation to allow Spring to know the packages to scan for annotated components. @ComponentScan is also used to specify base packages using basePackageClasses or basePackage attributes to scan. If specific packages are not defined, scanning will occur from the package of the class that declares this annotation.

@Bean

This annotation is used at the method level. The @Bean annotation works with @Configuration to create Spring beans. As mentioned earlier, @Configuration will have methods to instantiate and configure dependencies. Such methods will be annotated with @Bean. The method annotated with this annotation works as the bean ID, and it creates and returns the actual bean.

Here is an example:

@Configuration public class AppConfig { @Bean public Person person() { return new Person(address()); } @Bean public Address address() { return new Address(); } } @Lazy

This annotation is used on component classes. By default, all autowired dependencies are created and configured at startup. But if you want to initialize a bean lazily, you can use the @Lazy annotation over the class. This means that the bean will be created and initialized only when it is first requested for. You can also use this annotation on @Configuration classes. This indicates that all @Bean methods within that @Configuration should be lazily initialized.

@Value

This annotation is used at the field, constructor parameter, and method parameter levels. The @Value annotation indicates a default value expression for the field or parameter to initialize the property with. As the @Autowired annotation tells Spring to inject an object into another when it loads your application context, you can also use the @Value annotation to inject values from a property file into a bean’s attribute. It supports both #{...} and ${...} placeholders.

Spring Framework Stereotype Annotations @Component

This annotation is used on classes to indicate a Spring component. The @Component annotation marks the Java class as a bean or component so that the component-scanning mechanism of Spring can add it into the application context.

@Controller

The @Controller annotation is used to indicate the class is a Spring controller. This annotation can be used to identify controllers for Spring MVC or Spring WebFlux.

@Service

This annotation is used on a class. @Service marks a Java class that performs some service, such as executing business logic, performing calculations, and calling external APIs. This annotation is a specialized form of the@Component annotation intended to be used in the service layer.

@Repository

This annotation is used on Java classes that directly access the database. The @Repository annotation works as a marker for any class that fulfills the role of repository or Data Access Object.

This annotation has an automatic translation feature. For example, when an exception occurs in the @Repository, there is a handler for that exception and there is no need to add a try-catch block.

Spring Boot Annotations @EnableAutoConfiguration

This annotation is usually placed on the main application class. The @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation implicitly defines a base “search package”. This annotation tells Spring Boot to start adding beans based on classpath settings, other beans, and various property settings.

@SpringBootApplication

This annotation is used on the application class while setting up a Spring Boot project. The class that is annotated with the @SpringBootApplication must be kept in the base package. The one thing that the@SpringBootApplication does is a component scan. But it will scan only its sub-packages. As an example, if you put the class annotated with @SpringBootApplication in com.example, then @SpringBootApplication will scan all its sub-packages, such as com.example.a, com.example.b, and com.example.a.x.

The @SpringBootApplication is a convenient annotation that adds all the following:

@Configuration

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@ComponentScan

Spring MVC and REST Annotations @Controller

This annotation is used on Java classes that play the role of controller in your application. The @Controller annotation allows autodetection of component classes in the classpath and auto-registering bean definitions for them. To enable autodetection of such annotated controllers, you can add component scanning to your configuration. The Java class annotated with @Controller is capable of handling multiple request mappings.

This annotation can be used with Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux.

@RequestMapping

This annotation is used at both the class and method level. The @RequestMapping annotation is used to map web requests onto specific handler classes and handler methods. When @RequestMapping is used on the class level, it creates a base URI for which the controller will be used. When this annotation is used on methods, it will give you the URI on which the handler methods will be executed. From this, you can infer that the class level request mapping will remain the same whereas each handler method will have their own request mapping.

Sometimes you may want to perform different operations based on the HTTP method used, even though the request URI may remain the same. In such situations, you can use the method attribute of @RequestMapping with an HTTP method value to narrow down the HTTP methods in order to invoke the methods of your class.

Here is a basic example of how a controller along with request mappings work:

@Controller @RequestMapping("/welcome") public class WelcomeController { @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public String welcomeAll() { return "welcome all"; } }

In this example, only GET requests to /welcome is handled by the welcomeAll() method.

This annotation also can be used with Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux.

The @RequestMapping annotation is very versatile. Please see my in-depth post on Request Mapping here.

@CookieValue

This annotation is used at method parameter level. @CookieValue is used as an argument of a request mapping method. The HTTP cookie is bound to the @CookieValue parameter for a given cookie name. This annotation is used in the method annotated with @RequestMapping.Let us consider that the following cookie value is received with an HTTP request:

JSESSIONID=418AB76CD83EF94U85YD34W

To get the value of the cookie, use @CookieValue like this:

@ReuestMapping("/cookieValue") public void getCookieValue(@CookieValue "JSESSIONID" String cookie){ } @CrossOrigin

This annotation is used both at the class and method levels to enable cross-origin requests. In many cases, the host that serves JavaScript will be different from the host that serves the data. In such a case, Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) enables cross-domain communication. To enable this communication, you just need to add the @CrossOrigin annotation.

By default, the @CrossOrigin annotation allows all origin, all headers, the HTTP methods specified in the@RequestMapping annotation, and a maxAge of 30 min. You can customize the behavior by specifying the corresponding attribute values.

An example of using @CrossOrigin at both the controller and handler method levels is below:

@CrossOrigin(maxAge = 3600) @RestController @RequestMapping("/account") public class AccountController { @CrossOrigin(origins = "http://example.com") @RequestMapping("/message") public Message getMessage() { // ... } @RequestMapping("/note") public Note getNote() { // ... } }

In this example, both the getExample() and getNote() methods will have a maxAge of 3600 seconds. Also, getExample() will only allow cross-origin requests from http://example.com, while getNote() will allow cross-origin requests from all hosts.

Composed @RequestMapping Variants

Spring framework 4.3 introduced the following method-level variants of @RequestMapping annotation to better express the semantics of the annotated methods. Using these annotations has become the standard ays of defining the endpoints. They act as wrappers to @RequestMapping.

These annotations can be used with Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux.

@GetMapping

This annotation is used for mapping HTTP GET requests onto specific handler methods. @GetMapping is a composed annotation that acts as a shortcut for @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET).

@PostMapping

This annotation is used for mapping HTTP POST requests onto specific handler methods. @PostMapping is a composed annotation that acts as a shortcut for @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST).

@PutMapping

This annotation is used for mapping HTTP PUT requests onto specific handler methods. @PutMapping is a composed annotation that acts as a shortcut for @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT).

@PatchMapping

This annotation is used for mapping HTTP PATCH requests onto specific handler methods. @PatchMapping is a composed annotation that acts as a shortcut for @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PATCH).

@DeleteMapping

This annotation is used for mapping HTTP DELETE requests onto specific handler methods. @DeleteMapping is a composed annotation that acts as a shortcut for @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.DELETE).

@ExceptionHandler

This annotation is used at method levels to handle exceptions at the controller level. The @ExceptionHandler annotation is used to define the class of exception it will catch. You can use this annotation on methods that should be invoked to handle an exception. The @ExceptionHandler values can be set to an array of Exception types. If an exception is thrown that matches one of the types in the list, then the method annotated with the matching @ExceptionHandler will be invoked.

@InitBinder

This annotation is a method-level annotation that plays the role of identifying the methods that initialize theWebDataBinder — a DataBinder that binds the request parameter to JavaBean objects. To customize request parameter data binding, you can use @InitBinder annotated methods within our controller. The methods annotated with @InitBinder includes all argument types that handler methods support.

The @InitBinder annotated methods will get called for each HTTP request if you don’t specify the value element of this annotation. The value element can be a single or multiple form names or request parameters that the init binder method is applied to.

@Mappings and @Mapping

This annotation is used on fields. The @Mapping annotation is a meta-annotation that indicates a web mapping annotation. When mapping different field names, you need to configure the source field to its target field, and to do that, you have to add the @Mappings annotation. This annotation accepts an array of @Mapping having the source and the target fields.

@MatrixVariable

This annotation is used to annotate request handler method arguments so that Spring can inject the relevant bits of a matrix URI. Matrix variables can appear on any segment each separated by a semicolon. If a URL contains matrix variables, the request mapping pattern must represent them with a URI template. The @MatrixVariable annotation ensures that the request is matched with the correct matrix variables of the URI.

@PathVariable

This annotation is used to annotate request handler method arguments. The @RequestMapping annotation can be used to handle dynamic changes in the URI where a certain URI value acts as a parameter. You can specify this parameter using a regular expression. The @PathVariable annotation can be used declare this parameter.

@RequestAttribute

This annotation is used to bind the request attribute to a handler method parameter. Spring retrieves the named attribute's value to populate the parameter annotated with @RequestAttribute. While the @RequestParamannotation is used bind the parameter values from a query string, @RequestAttribute is used to access the objects that have been populated on the server side.

@RequestBody

This annotation is used to annotate request handler method arguments. The @RequestBody annotation indicates that a method parameter should be bound to the value of the HTTP request body. The HttpMessageConveter is responsible for converting from the HTTP request message to object.

@RequestHeader

This annotation is used to annotate request handler method arguments. The @RequestHeader annotation is used to map controller parameter to request header value. When Spring maps the request, @RequestHeader checks the header with the name specified within the annotation and binds its value to the handler method parameter. This annotation helps you to get the header details within the controller class.

@RequestParam

This annotation is used to annotate request handler method arguments. Sometimes you get the parameters in the request URL, mostly in GET requests. In that case, along with the @RequestMapping annotation, you can use the @RequestParam annotation to retrieve the URL parameter and map it to the method argument. The@RequestParam annotation is used to bind request parameters to a method parameter in your controller.

@RequestPart

This annotation is used to annotate request handler method arguments. The @RequestPart annotation can be used instead of @RequestParam to get the content of a specific multipart and bind it to the method argument annotated with @RequestPart. This annotation takes into consideration the “Content-Type” header in the multipart (request part).

@ResponseBody

This annotation is used to annotate request handler methods. The @ResponseBody annotation is similar to the@RequestBody annotation. The @ResponseBody annotation indicates that the result type should be written straight in the response body in whatever format you specify like JSON or XML. Spring converts the returned object into a response body by using the HttpMessageConveter.

@ResponseStatus

This annotation is used on methods and exception classes. @ResponseStatus marks a method or exception class with a status code and a reason that must be returned. When the handler method is invoked the status code is set to the HTTP response which overrides the status information provided by any other means. A controller class can also be annotated with @ResponseStatus, which is then inherited by all @RequestMapping methods.

@ControllerAdvice

This annotation is applied at the class level. As explained earlier, for each controller, you can use @ExceptionHandler on a method that will be called when a given exception occurs. But this handles only those exceptions that occur within the controller in which it is defined. To overcome this problem, you can now use the@ControllerAdvice annotation. This annotation is used to define @ExceptionHandler, @InitBinder, and @ModelAttribute methods that apply to all @RequestMapping methods. Thus, if you define the @ExceptionHandler annotation on a method in a @ControllerAdvice class, it will be applied to all the controllers.

@RestController

This annotation is used at the class level. The @RestController annotation marks the class as a controller where every method returns a domain object instead of a view. By annotating a class with this annotation, you no longer need to add @ResponseBody to all the RequestMapping methods. It means that you no long use view-resolvers or send HTML in response. You just send the domain object as an HTTP response in the format that is understood by the consumers, like JSON.

@RestController is a convenience annotation that combines @Controller and @ResponseBody.

@RestControllerAdvice

This annotation is applied to Java classes. @RestControllerAdvice is a convenience annotation that combines @ControllerAdvice and @ResponseBody. This annotation is used along with the @ExceptionHandler annotation to handle exceptions that occur within the controller.

@SessionAttribute

This annotation is used at method parameter level. The @SessionAttribute annotation is used to bind the method parameter to a session attribute. This annotation provides a convenient access to the existing or permanent session attributes.

@SessionAttributes

This annotation is applied at the type level for a specific handler. The @SessionAtrributes annotation is used when you want to add a JavaBean object into a session. This is used when you want to keep the object in session for short lived. @SessionAttributes is used in conjunction with @ModelAttribute.

Consider this example:

@ModelAttribute("person") public Person getPerson() {} // within the same controller as above snippet @Controller @SeesionAttributes(value = "person", types = { Person.class }) public class PersonController {}

The @ModelAttribute name is assigned to the @SessionAttributes as a value. The @SessionAttributes has two elements. The value element is the name of the session in the model and the types element is the type of session attributes in the model.

Spring Cloud Annotations @EnableConfigServer

This annotation is used at the class level. When developing a project with a number of services, you need to have a centralized and straightforward manner to configure and retrieve the configurations of all the services that you are going to develop. One advantage of using a centralized config server is that you don’t need to carry the burden of remembering where each configuration is distributed across multiple and distributed components.

You can use Spring Cloud’s @EnableConfigServer annotation to start a config server that the other applications can talk to.

@EnableEurekaServer

This annotation is applied to Java classes. One problem that you may encounter while decomposing your application into microservices is that it becomes difficult for every service to know the address of every other service it depends on. There comes the discovery service which is responsible for tracking the locations of all other microservices.

Netflix’s Eureka is an implementation of a discovery server and integration is provided by Spring Boot. Spring Boot has made it easy to design a Eureka Server by just annotating the entry class with @EnableEurekaServer.

@EnableDiscoveryClient

This annotation is applied to Java classes. In order to tell any application to register itself with Eureka, you just need to add the @EnableDiscoveryClientannotation to the application entry point. The application that’s now registered with Eureka uses the Spring Cloud Discovery Client abstraction to interrogate the registry for its own host and port.

@EnableCircuitBreaker

This annotation is applied to Java classes that can act as the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker pattern can allow a microservice continue working when a related service fails, preventing the failure from cascading. This also gives the failed service a time to recover.

The class annotated with @EnableCircuitBreaker will monitor, open, and close the circuit breaker.

@HystrixCommand

This annotation is used at the method level. Netflix’s Hystrix library provides the implementation of a Circuit Breaker pattern. When you apply the circuit breaker to a method, Hystrix watches for the failures of the method. Once failures build up to a threshold, Hystrix opens the circuit so that the subsequent calls also fail. Now Hystrix redirects calls to the method, and they are passed to the specified fallback methods.

Hystrix looks for any method annotated with the @HystrixCommand annotation and wraps it into a proxy connected to a circuit breaker so that Hystrix can monitor it.

Consider the following example:

@Service public class BookService { private final RestTemplate restTemplate; public BookService(RestTemplate rest) { this.restTemplate = rest; } @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "newList") public String bookList() { URI uri = URI.create("http://localhost:8081/recommended"); return this.restTemplate.getForObject(uri, String.class); } public String newList() { return "Cloud native Java"; } }

Here @HystrixCommand is applied to the original method bookList(). The @HystrixCommand annotation has newList as the fallback method. So for some reason, if Hystrix opens the circuit on bookList(), you will have a placeholder book list ready for the users.

Spring Framework DataAccess Annotations @Transactional

This annotation is placed before an interface definition, a method on an interface, a class definition, or a public method on a class. The mere presence of @Transactional is not enough to activate the transactional behavior. The @Transactional is simply metadata that can be consumed by some runtime infrastructure. This infrastructure uses the metadata to configure the appropriate beans with transactional behavior.

The annotation further supports configuration like:

The Propagation type of the transaction

The Isolation level of the transaction

A timeout for the operation wrapped by the transaction

A read-only flag — a hint for the persistence provider that the transaction must be read onlyThe rollback rules for the transaction

Cache-Based Annotations @Cacheable

This annotation is used on methods. The simplest way of enabling the cache behavior for a method is to annotate it with @Cacheable and parameterize it with the name of the cache where the results would be stored.

@Cacheable("addresses") public String getAddress(Book book){...}

In the snippet above, the method getAddress is associated with the cache named addresses. Each time the method is called, the cache is checked to see whether the invocation has been already executed and does not have to be repeated.

@CachePut

This annotation is used on methods. Whenever you need to update the cache without interfering the method execution, you can use the @CachePut annotation. That is, the method will always be executed and the result cached.

@CachePut("addresses") public String getAddress(Book book){...}

Using @CachePut and @Cacheable on the same method is strongly discouraged, as the former forces the execution in order to execute a cache update, the latter causes the method execution to be skipped by using the cache.

@CacheEvict

This annotation is used on methods. It is not that you always want to populate the cache with more and more data. Sometimes, you may want to remove some cache data so that you can populate the cache with some fresh values. In such a case, use the @CacheEvict annotation.

@CacheEvict(value="addresses", allEntries="true") public String getAddress(Book book){...}

Here, an additional element, allEntries, is used along with the cache name to be emptied. It is set to true so that it clears all values and prepares to hold new data.

@CacheConfig

This annotation is a class level annotation. The @CacheConfig annotation helps to streamline some of the cache information at one place. Placing this annotation on a class does not turn on any caching operation. This allows you to store the cache configuration at the class level so that you don’t have to declare things multiple times.

Task Execution and Scheduling Annotations @Scheduled

This annotation is a method-level annotation. The @Scheduled annotation is used on methods along with the trigger metadata. A method with @Scheduled should have a void return type and should not accept any parameters.

There are different ways of using the @Scheduled annotation:

@Scheduled(fixedDelay=5000) public void doSomething() { // something that should execute periodically }

In this case, the duration between the end of the last execution and the start of the next execution is fixed. The tasks always wait until the previous one is finished.

@Scheduled(fixedRate=5000) public void doSomething() { // something that should execute periodically }

In this case, the beginning of the task execution does not wait for the completion of the previous execution.

@Scheduled(initialDelay=1000,fixedRate=5000) public void doSomething() { // something that should execute periodically after an initial delay }

The task gets executed initially with a delay and then continues with the specified fixed rate.

@Async

This annotation is used on methods to execute each method in a separate thread. The @Async annotation is provided on a method so that the invocation of that method will occur asynchronously. Unlike methods annotated with @Scheduled, the methods annotated with @Async can take arguments. They will be invoked in the normal way by callers at runtime rather than by a scheduled task.

@Async can be used with both void return type methods and methods that return a value. However, methods with return values must have a Future-typed return value.

Spring Framework Testing Annotations @BootstrapWith

This annotation is a class-level annotation. The @BootstrapWith annotation is used to configure how the Spring TestContext Framework is bootstrapped. This annotation is used as a metadata to create custom composed annotations and reduce the configuration duplication in a test suite.

@ContextConfiguration

This annotation is a class level annotation that defines a metadata used to determine which configuration files to use to the load the ApplicationContext for your test. More specifically @ContextConfiguration declares the annotated classes that will be used to load the context. You can also tell Spring where to locate the file.

@ContextConfiguration(locations={"example/test-context.xml", loader = Custom ContextLoader.class}) @WebAppConfiguration

This annotation is a class level annotation. The @WebAppConfiguration is used to declare that the ApplicationContext loaded for an integration test should be a WebApplicationContext. This annotation is used to create the web version of the application context. It is important to note that this annotation must be used with the @ContextConfiguration annotation. The default path to the root of the web application is src/main/webapp. You can override it by passing a different path to the <span class="theme:classic lang:default decode:true crayon-inline">@WebAppConfiguration.

@Timed

This annotation is used on methods. The @Timed annotation indicates that the annotated test method must finish its execution at the specified time period (in milliseconds). If the execution exceeds the specified time in the annotation, the test fails.

@Timed(millis=10000) public void testLongRunningProcess() { ... }

In this example, the test will fail if it exceeds 10 seconds of execution.

@Repeat

This annotation is used on test methods. If you want to run a test method several times in a row automatically, you can use the @Repeat annotation. The number of times that test method is to be executed is specified in the annotation.

@Repeat(10) @Test public void testProcessRepeatedly() { ... }

In this example, the test will be executed 10 times.

@Commit

This annotation can be used as both class-level or method-level annotation. After execution of a test method, the transaction of the transactional test method can be committed using the @Commit annotation. This annotation explicitly conveys the intent of the code. When used at the class level, this annotation defines the commit for all test methods within the class. When declared as a method level annotation, @Commit specifies the commit for specific test methods overriding the class level commit.

@RollBack

This annotation can be used as both class-level and method-level annotation. The @RollBack annotation indicates whether the transaction of a transactional test method must be rolled back after the test completes its execution. If this true, @Rollback(true), the transaction is rolled back. Otherwise, the transaction is committed. @Commit is used instead of @RollBack(false).

When used at the class level, this annotation defines the rollback for all test methods within the class.

When declared as a method level annotation, @RollBack specifies the rollback for specific test methods overriding the class level rollback semantics.

@DirtiesContext

This annotation is used as both class-level and method-level annotation. @DirtiesContext indicates that the Spring ApplicationContext has been modified or corrupted in some manner and it should be closed. This will trigger the context reloading before execution of next test. The ApplicationContext is marked as dirty before or after any such annotated method as well as before or after current test class.

The @DirtiesContext annotation supports BEFORE_METHOD, BEFORE_CLASS, and BEFORE_EACH_TEST_METHOD modes for closing the ApplicationContext before a test.

NOTE: Avoid overusing this annotation. It is an expensive operation and if abused, it can really slow down your test suite.

@BeforeTransaction

This annotation is used to annotate void methods in the test class. @BeforeTransaction annotated methods indicate that they should be executed before any transaction starts executing. That means the method annotated with @BeforeTransaction must be executed before any method annotated with @Transactional.

@AfterTransaction

This annotation is used to annotate void methods in the test class. @AfterTransaction annotated methods indicate that they should be executed after a transaction ends for test methods. That means the method annotated with @AfterTransaction must be executed after the method annotated with @Transactional.

@Sql

This annotation can be declared on a test class or test method to run SQL scripts against a database. The @Sql annotation configures the resource path to SQL scripts that should be executed against a given database either before or after an integration test method. When @Sql is used at the method level it, will override any @Sqldefined in at class level.

@SqlConfig

This annotation is used along with the @Sql annotation. The @SqlConfig annotation defines the metadata that is used to determine how to parse and execute SQL scripts configured via the @Sql annotation. When used at the class level, this annotation serves as global configuration for all SQL scripts within the test class. But when used directly with the config attribute of @Sql, @SqlConfig serves as a local configuration for SQL scripts declared.

@SqlGroup

This annotation is used on methods. The @SqlGroup annotation is a container annotation that can hold several@Sql annotations. This annotation can declare nested @Sql annotations.In addition, @SqlGroup is used as a meta-annotation to create custom composed annotations. This annotation can also be used along with repeatable annotations, where @Sql can be declared several times on the same method or class.

@SpringBootTest

This annotation is used to start the Spring context for integration tests. This will bring up the full autoconfigruation context.

@DataJpaTest

The @DataJpaTest annotation will only provide the autoconfiguration required to test Spring Data JPA using an in-memory database such as H2.

This annotation is used instead of @SpringBootTest

@DataMongoTest

The @DataMongoTest will provide a minimal autoconfiguration and an embedded MongoDB for running integration tests with Spring Data MongoDB.

@WebMVCTest

The @WebMVCTest will bring up a mock servlet context for testing the MVC layer. Services and components are not loaded into the context. To provide these dependencies for testing, the @MockBean annotation is typically used.

@AutoConfigureMockMVC

The @AutoConfigureMockMVC annotation works very similarly to the @WebMVCTest annotation, but the full Spring Boot context is started.

@MockBean

Creates and injects a Mockito Mock for the given dependency.

@JsonTest

Will limit the auto-configuration of Spring Boot to components relevant to processing JSON.

This annotation will also autoconfigure an instance of JacksonTester or GsonTester.

@TestPropertySource

Class level annotation used to specify property sources for the test class.

Spring Framework 5.0 is here | killexams.com real questions and Pass4sure dumps

Jürgen Höller, co-founder of the Spring Framework open source project and project lead and release manager for the core framework, announced the GA of Spring Framework 5.0. In short,

This brand-new generation of the framework is ready for 2018 and beyond: with support for JDK 9 and the Java EE 8 API level (e.g. Servlet 4.0), as well as comprehensive integration with Reactor 3.1, JUnit 5, and the Kotlin language. On top of that all, Spring Framework 5 comes with many functional API variants and introduces a dedicated reactive web framework called Spring WebFlux, next to a revised version of our Servlet-based web framework Spring MVC.

General core revision

JDK 8+ enhancements:

Efficient method parameter access based on Java 8 reflection enhancements.

Selective declarations of Java 8 default methods in core Spring interfaces.

Consistent use of JDK 7 Charset and StandardCharsets enhancements.

JDK 9 compatibility:

Avoiding JDK APIs which are deprecated in JDK 9 wherever possible.

Consistent instantiation via constructors (with revised exception handling).

Defensive use of reflection against core JDK classes.

Non-null API declaration at the package level:

Nullable arguments, fields and return values explicitly annotated with @Nullable.

Primarily for use with IntelliJ IDEA and Kotlin, but also Eclipse and FindBugs.

Some Spring APIs are not tolerating null values anymore (e.g. in StringUtils).

Resource abstraction provides isFile indicator for defensive getFile access.

Also features NIO-based readableChannel accessor in the Resource interface.

File system access via NIO.2 streams (no FileInput/OutputStream used anymore).

Spring Framework 5.0 comes with its own Commons Logging bridge out of the box:

spring-jcl instead of standard Commons Logging; still excludable/overridable.

Autodetecting Log4j 2.x, SLF4J, JUL (java.util.logging) without any extra bridges.

spring-core comes with ASM 6.0 (next to CGLIB 3.2.5 and Objenesis 2.6).

JDK 8+ and Java EE 7+ Baseline

Entire framework codebase based on Java 8 source code level now.

Improved readability through inferred generics, lambdas, etc.

Conditional support for Java 8 features now in straight code.

Full compatibility with JDK 9 for development and deployment.

On classpath as well as module path (with stable automatic module names).

Framework build and test suite passes on JDK 9 (runs on JDK 8 by default).

Java EE 7 API level required in Spring’s corresponding features now.

Servlet 3.1, Bean Validation 1.1, JPA 2.1, JMS 2.0

Recent servers: e.g. Tomcat 8.5+, Jetty 9.4+, WildFly 10+

Compatibility with Java EE 8 API level at runtime.

Servlet 4.0, Bean Validation 2.0, JPA 2.2, JSON Binding API 1.0

Tested against Tomcat 9.0, Hibernate Validator 6.0, Apache Johnzon 1.1

Kotlin support

This release also introduces first-class support for Kotlin. Developers can now write Spring + Kotlin applications almost as if the Spring Framework was a native Kotlin framework. Read more about it here.

If you want an overview, check out What’s new in the Spring Framework:

Null-safe API when using Kotlin 1.1.50+

Support for Kotlin immutable classes with optional parameters and default values

Functional bean definition Kotlin DSL.

Functional routing Kotlin DSL for WebFlux.

Leveraging Kotlin reified type parameters to avoid specifying explicitly the Class to use for serialization/deserialization in various APIs like RestTemplate or WebFlux APIs.

Kotlin null-safety support for @Autowired/@Inject and @RequestParam/@RequestHeader/etc annotations in order to determine if a parameter/bean is required or not.

Kotlin script support in ScriptTemplateView for both Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux.

Array-like setters added to Model, ModelMap and Environement.

Support for Kotlin autowired constructor with optional parameters

Kotlin reflection is used to determine interface method parameters

Let’s not forget about the complete support for JUnit 5‘s Jupiter programming and extension models in the Spring TestContext Framework, support for parallel test execution in the Spring TestContext Framework and more. We haven’t even discussed the revised version of their Servlet-based web framework Spring MVC so make sure to read What’s new in the Spring Framework.

Spring WebFlux — a dedicated reactive web framework

Pivotal has put together a Spring Framework 5.0 FAQ. We won’t go into (too many) details but you should read it — it will (hopefully) answer all your questions about the new release. What we’re interested in is Spring WebFlux so if you’re wondering why Pivotal introduced a dedicated reactive web framework, here’s the answer:

Blocking threads consume resources. For latency sensitive workloads which need to handle a large number of concurrent requests, the non-blocking async programming model is more efficient. This is particularly relevant for mobile applications and interconnected microservices.

The goal of Spring WebFlux is to offer Spring developers a non-blocking event-loop style programming model similar to node.js. For more details and demos, watch Servlet vs Reactive Stacks in Five Use Cases and Reactive Web Applications with Spring Framework 5, both by Rossen Stoyanchev.

Spring WebFlux — What’s new

New spring-webflux module, an alternative to spring-webmvc built on a reactive foundation — fully asynchronous and non-blocking, intended for use in an event-loop execution model vs traditional large thread pool with thread-per-request execution model.

Reactive infrastructure in spring-core such as Encoder and Decoder for encoding and decoding streams of Objects; DataBuffer abstraction, e.g. for using Java ByteBuffer or Netty ByteBuf; ReactiveAdapterRegistry for transparent support of reactive libraries in controller method signatures.

Reactive infrastructure in spring-web including HttpMessageReader and HttpMessageWriter that build on and delegate to Encoder and Decoder; server HttpHandler with adapters to (non-blocking) runtimes such as Servlet 3.1+ containers, Netty, and Undertow; WebFilter, WebHandler and other non-blocking contract alternatives to Servlet API equivalents.

@Controller style, annotation-based, programming model, similar to Spring MVC, but supported in WebFlux, running on a reactive stack, e.g. capable of supporting reactive types as controller method arguments, never blocking on I/O, respecting backpressure all the way to the HTTP socket, and running on extra, non-Servlet containers such as Netty and Undertow.

New functional programming model (“WebFlux.fn”) as an alternative to the @Controller, annotation-based, programming model — minimal and transparent with an endpoint routing API, running on the same reactive stack and WebFlux infrastructure.

New WebClient with a functional and reactive API for HTTP calls, comparable to the RestTemplate but through a fluent API and also excelling in non-blocking and streaming scenarios based on WebFlux infrastructure; in 5.0 the AsyncRestTemplate is deprecated in favor of the WebClient.

Here’s how to migrate to Spring Framework 5.0.

Spring Framework 5.0 is available as 5.0.0.RELEASE from repo.spring.io and Maven Central.

We followed 15 of America's teachers on a day of frustrations, pressures and hard-earned victories | killexams.com real questions and Pass4sure dumps

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It’s shortly after dawn when Edward Lawson, one of America’s 3.2 million public school teachers, pulls his car into the parking lot of Thomas Elementary in Racine, Wisconsin. He cuts the engine, pulls out his cellphone and calls his principal. They begin to pray.

Lawson is a full-time substitute based at a school with full-time problems: only 1 in 10 students is proficient in reading and math.

That may be explained by the fact that 87 percent of the students are poor and 1 in 5 has a diagnosed disability. Blame for such test scores, however, often settles on the people who are any school’s single-most-important influence on academic achievement – teachers.

Lawson says a prayer for the coming school day. He says a prayer for the district, the students, the upcoming state tests. He says a prayer for the second-grade teacher who had emergency back surgery and for the sub taking her class.

He says a prayer for all teachers – a fitting petition for a profession in crisis.

The crisis became manifest this spring when teachers in six states, sometimes even without the direction or encouragement of any union, walked off the job to protest their own compensation and school spending in general.

We think we know teachers; we’ve all had them. But the suddenness and vehemence of the Teacher Spring suggest we don’t understand their pressures and frustrations.

To try to understand, 15 teams of USA TODAY NETWORK journalists spent Monday, Sept. 17, with teachers around the nation.  

We found that teachers are worried about more than money. They feel misunderstood, unheard and, above all, disrespected. 

That disrespect comes from many sources: parents who are uninvolved or too involved; government mandates that dictate how, and to what measures, teachers must teach; state school budgets that have never recovered from Great Recession cuts, leading to inadequately prepared teachers and inadequately supplied classrooms.

It all may be exacting a toll. This year, for the first time since pollsters started asking a half-century ago, a majority of Americans said they would not want their child to become a teacher.

And yet teachers everywhere believe that if only the American people – the parent, the voter, the politician, the philanthropist – really understood schools and teachers, they’d join their cause.

Some people mistakenly think teachers “sit around all summer, collecting a paycheck,’’ complains Lawson, the full-time substitute. Not him. In addition to working in both the before- and after-school programs, he teaches summer school and last summer took on extra hours at an Amazon warehouse.

Lawson is a jack of all trades. A walkie-talkie on his hip, he moves from room to room — teaching a class or organizing a lesson plan for a short-term sub or giving students special help with math. He visits homes with the school social worker. He directs traffic in the parking lot. He once used the washing machine in his office to clean the coats of an entire class so he wouldn’t embarrass the one kid whose coat was filthy.

Despite it all – or maybe because of it – he voices a claim made by virtually every teacher with whom a USA TODAY NETWORK team spent the day: He loves his job. “I wouldn’t want to be anywhere else. When you help a kid that really wants to learn, when they say, ‘I got it,’ that’s something you take with you the rest of your life.”

A crisis in perspective

Public school teachers’ economic prospects have worsened dramatically since the beginning of the Great Recession, especially in poorer states.

The average national salary has decreased by more than 4 percent since 2009, adjusted for inflation. Yet nine in 10 teachers buy some of their own teaching supplies, spending an average of almost $500 a year.

About 18 percent have a second job, making teachers about five times more likely than the average full-time worker to have a part-time job.  

No surprise, then, that 8 percent of teachers leave the profession each year, compared to 5 percent a few decades ago; that 20 to 30 percent of all beginning teachers leave within five years, the Learning Policy Institute says, and two-thirds of teachers quit before retirement; that enrollment in college teacher education programs dropped 35 percent between 2009 and 2014.

The result, in some areas and in some specialties, is a teacher shortage. Last year, according to a Learning Policy Institute study, more than 100,000 classrooms were staffed by instructors “not fully qualified to teach’’ because they lacked proper licenses or degrees. The percentage of teachers working without bachelor’s degrees, although small (2.4 percent in 2016), has more than doubled since 2004.

Those are the numbers, based on federal education data. Here are scenes from the lives of teachers, before, during and after school.

© Rion Sanders, Great Falls Tribune via USA TODAY Network Traci Manseau, fourth from left, recites the Pledge of Allegiance with her students. Manseau is a teaching veteran of 23 years and she has spent her entire career teaching in one room rural school houses. ARRIVALS: Hope and heartbreak

The sun is rising, and teachers are arriving. "Ordinary men and women,'' as educational reformer John Dewey put it, of whom we expect the extraordinary. 

  In a remote valley in central Montana, on a cool, clear morning with the promise of autumn and a hint of the hard winter to come, there’s a scene from teaching’s past: A solitary woman approaches a gray clapboard one-classroom schoolhouse and unlocks the door.

But instead of lighting the stove, like her 19th-century predecessors, Traci Manseau makes sure the internet is up.

The public school has 17 students from prekindergarten to eighth grade, up from a total of three when Manseau came here 19 years ago. Montana has less than 80 such schools; about 20 closed in the last decade. Most young teachers don’t want to live in such remote areas.

And it’s hard work, Manseau says, to wrap your brain around first- and eighth-grade math at the same time. 

Each of her students comes from one of five families, all surnamed Stahl. They’re Hutterites, a religious sect that speaks a German dialect and shuns modern ways. The students wear a sort of 19th-century uniform: the girls in black headscarves with subtle polka dots and modest dresses, with their hair parted in the middle and twisted behind their ears. The boys wear Western shirts, black pants and suspenders.

And, in order to work on the small Hutterite colony's communal farm, students leave school when they turn 16.

Even in this idyllic setting, teaching comes with its own little heartbreak.

A half-continent away, another teacher approaches another school. But this one is a vision of neo-classical elegance modeled on the University of Virginia’s Rotunda. 

Walnut Hills High School, which sits on a 14-acre campus, is the top-rated public high school in Ohio. Its trademark subject is Latin, required in grades 7 through 9. Its motto is "Sursum ad summum" – "Rise to the Highest.’’

The classical college preparatory school is another American educational archetype. But here, time has not stood still. Just ask the teacher at the door.

Laura Wasem, 43, has taught Latin here for 17 years. She makes an annual salary of $77,000, a third more than the average American teacher. Yet she is as nostalgic for the past as any Hutterite. 

Today, for example, she’s distressed that there will be no classes because of a day-long professional development program to improve standardized test scores.

Such a program is fine in principle, Wasem says, but a waste of time for the Latin Department. She and her colleagues must sit through what she calls a “long, poorly-run meeting’’ that focuses on English test scores, even though her department does its own analysis to improve Latin test scores.

“All these mandates from the administration and the state are just an extension of what’s going on nationally,’’ she says. She blames “people without a background in education … who have no idea what to expect walking into a class of eighth-graders. They are used to walking into business meetings … It’s completely different when you have to keep an eye out for kids using phones, or redirecting a child with a special-education plan, or registering if what you are saying is actually being understood.’’

She’s just getting started: “I used to be able to teach Latin and not have to worry about all the testing and extra work centering around our evaluations.’’ That, however, was long ago.

Felecia Branch, 51, arrives at Mackenzie Elementary-Middle School an hour before classes begin. She’s a product of Detroit city schools and has taught in them for 25 years.

Branch pops the trunk of her gray Jeep Compass and pulls out a big, gray-blue rolling crate with materials for the day’s classes.

Her self-sufficiency is a reminder of the district’s troubles, including the near-decade it was under state control. Teachers went for years without a raise; their base pay was cut, and many dipped into their own pockets for basic supplies.

Three years ago, Branch says, “I didn’t have any sixth-grade materials. None.’’ So, she says, she bought them herself – and did a lot of photocopying.  

Now a new superintendent is trying to reverse course. Last year, teachers finally got a raise: 7 percent over two years, plus bonuses for those near or at top scale. And this year, for the first time in years, Branch has almost all the materials she needs.

After a two-minute drive from home, Christine McFarland pulls up at Sinton Elementary School, where today teachers are wearing the paraphernalia of their alma mater.

The 45-year-old English and social studies teacher sports a jacket from Texas A&M-Corpus Christi, of which she’s a proud 2001 graduate.

But the jacket is also a reminder that, despite her $50,000 annual teacher’s salary and a second job as a supermarket cashier, she long has been delinquent on the $300-a-month payments on her 30-year student loan, leaving a debt in the high five digits.  

 “We’re not making a living wage. Teachers, especially single teachers trying to live off our salary, are going paycheck to paycheck,’’ she says. “I make enough for basics – bills, groceries – and that’s it. No extra money for anything else, like getting my nails done or buying new clothes.”

She’s a single mother. Three years ago, one of her two kids qualified for reduced-price school lunches. “I’m a teacher. And I qualified for reduced lunch. What does that say?”

It says she’s thinking about leaving her calling. 

© Tom Tingle, The Arizona Republic via USA TODAY Network Rebecca Garelli arrives at Sevilla West Elementary School in Phoenix. Garelli has been one of the leaders of the Red for Ed movement, demanding increased funding for education in Arizona.

As Rebecca Garellidrives up to Sevilla West School, her Nissan sedan’s stickers make it look like a political billboard: “#StillInvested … #RedForEd …. #EdWave2018 … #RememberInNovember”

In March, this 37-year-old middle school science teacher started a Facebook page that helped spark the teachers’ uprising in the state. Today, her tank top is bright red – the movement’s signature color. At home she has a drawer of red shirts, a couple of red blouses and a red dress.

She’s driven an hour from her home at the other corner of the metropolitan area. Her long commute helps explain her activism.

Her family moved here from Chicago two years ago for the Southwestern lifestyle. But when she interviewed for teaching jobs, she was startled: “On average, I was going to take a $35,000 pay cut.'' 

So she took a relatively well-paying job a relatively long way from home in a school with  relatively large class sizes.

And it’s exhausting her.  

ABSENT: Teachers who aren't teaching

Some teachers are not teaching on this day, for reasons that underlie the profession's crisis.

Halston Drennan, 32, is in class at the University of Wyoming, where he’s pursuing a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering. He resigned at the end of the last school year as a high school math teacher in Fort Collins, Colorado, where after three years he was making $39,000. He loved teaching but realized he’d never be able to afford to buy a home. Unless, his mother told him, “you marry up."

Amber Ball, 26, is driving back to Columbia, a tiny town (pop. 390) in northeast Louisiana where she teaches junior high language arts. No school today – her financially strapped district is on a four-day week to save money. That’s good, because she gets a three-day weekend. And it’s bad, because she takes home just $2,300 a month, even though she has a master’s degree.

Luis Martinez, 35, is not teaching his two Spanish classes today at West Shores High in Salton City, California. He arrived at the remote desert school to find that a security officer was out and that he had to take his place. He's frustrated. In such cases, "We're supposed to have a plan." Now he has to arrange a sub for his own classes. 

© Rion Sanders, Great Falls Tribune via USA TODAY Network Traci Manseau leads her younger students in a lesson on days of the week. FIRST PERIOD: Constant adjustments

Traci Manseau has only 12 students (albeit in eight different grades). Several of the older boys are late because they’re needed on the colony’s dairy farm. “That’s just kind of how it is,’’ she shrugs.

 She uses a standard public school curriculum, even though it’s designed to prepare pupils for a life much different than the one hers will lead. 

The girls will grow up to cook, sew, clean and garden. The boys will farm and ranch and work in the dairy. But some of these kids are so smart that, especially at first, it bothered their teacher that none would go to college or even graduate from high school. 

"I've just learned to accept it,’’ she says. “That's their way of life." 

At a planning meeting with other teachers, Christine McFarland promises to work on adding some questions to a worksheet.

But her schedule is already packed. She goes, she says, “from one thing to the next to the next to the next, with few breaks in between.’’ And today she has a four-hour shift after school at the supermarket. 

The supermarket, however, has offered MacFarland a full-time management job. It has her thinking about quitting what she loves – again.

Ten years ago, when she says her ex-husband fell behind on child support because he was laid off, she left teaching for three years to sell insurance. She tells a story about what triggered her return.

She was grocery shopping when the father of a former student came up and asked, ‘‘Are you still doing insurance?’ … He goes, ‘You should be ashamed of yourself.’ And I said, ‘What?’ He goes, ‘Because you have a gift. You’re a teacher. … You’re wasting your gift that God gave you.' "

She knew what he meant. She’d helped his son, who was a troubled student. She’d even gone to all the boy's baseball games. And she knew she could teach reading, opening the world to her students in small-town southeast Texas.

She started crying, disappointed with herself for quitting.  

The encounter, and others like it, she says, “made me feel like what I needed to do was go back. So I took the pay cut" – about $30,000 – "and I jumped back into teaching."

She also took the part-time job, even though a survey of Texas teachers' union members indicates that those who work a second job are more likely to say they’re considering leaving the profession and that working an extra job hurts their teaching. 

Now, she says, she wonders if she made the right choice.

Felecia Branch greets the sixth-graders filing into her classroom like – her words – “my babies.”

To watch her is to realize how much some teachers love their students, how some teachers are able to function without much interference and how some have actually seen their prospects improve.   

She gives hugs, high-fives, fist bumps. One student gets a kiss on the cheek. “Hello, gorgeous,” she greets another. “Good morning, Mr. Chambers,’’ she tells a third. “How are you? Did you have a good weekend?”

Her effusiveness has a purpose. She believes that without a personal connection with a student, and preferably with parents, she cannot teach effectively. 

“Ooh, you have a lot of hair,” she tells one boy, who’s removed the rubber band that tamed his Afro. “You have more hair than me. That is wrong on so many levels.” She laughs.

Her hair is short, cropped and adorned with her signature bow, which today is green with flower petals to match her long, African-style shirt. She calls the bows “my way of bringing a little bit of sunshine with me every single day.”

Second-grader Clint Stahl flies off a swing, lands hard on the ground and, after a second in shock, starts to wail.

Traci Manseau runs over, picks him up and carries him inside the school. When it looks like his arm is broken – for the second time this year – she loads the sobbing Clint into her car and drives him up the gravel road to the colony. She'll look for a parent to drive the child to a hospital 30 minutes away. 

“Everyone go in and work on your math,” she tells the other students before leaving them for a few minutes with her aide. 

She's moving quickly and, somehow, calmly. In an age of specialization, she is the school's janitor, nurse and mother. "I wear a lot of hats every day,'' she says later, "all day long."

© Tom Tingle, The Arizona Republic via USA TODAY Network Rebecca Garelli , sitting, helps her 6th grade class at Sevilla West Elementary School in Phoenix.

Rebecca Garelli has an English Language Learners (ELL) class with 21 students, including native Spanish speakers and two girls from Rwanda. Some have never taken science before.

In theory, ELL students are taught English in addition to the academic subject; first, the teacher is supposed to get them speaking and listening, then teach some science.

Back in Illinois, such students usually were taught by specialists and learned in English and their native tongue; under Arizona law, they must be instructed primarily in English.

Arizona no longer requires teachers to be trained or certified to teach ELL, and Garelli doesn’t really know how to do it, especially with no language skills beyond her high school Spanish.  

She gives the students a worksheet she downloaded off the internet. The top of the sheet says, “Let me introduce myself.” The students pick partners and begin reading answers, memorizing what their partner said and repeating it back.

“I didn’t have fun,” a boy tells her when they’re finished, “but I wasn’t bored.” The teacher laughs. “I’ll take it.”

LUNCHTIME: The teachers' room

For those without cafeteria or playground duty, lunchtime is a break in a day of breakfast eaten standing or sometimes walking, of undrunk coffee, of always feeling like you have to pee. There are nonacademic tasks, such as wiping down desks and handing out tampons; countless intercom announcements, many unintelligible; school assemblies and department meetings, some also unintelligible. It’s constant motion: desk to desk, student to student. A deadline every minute.

But now teachers can talk about what makes them fume – such as disrespectful parents.

“Kids tell their parents they have a problem with the teacher, and the parents throw a fit,’’ says Laura Wasem of Walnut Hills High. “Instead of convincing their child that the hard work is good for them, they try to have Latin removed from the curriculum. …  I have parents who say that the course is too hard: ‘How dare you give my child a 30 percent on that assignment?’ ”

When a parent demanded to sit in her classroom and observe her teach, Wasem said she’d agree – if she could come to the student’s home and see how the parent was helping with the homework.

Another topic at lunchtime is unions, which were dealt a blow by the Supreme Court this year when it barred public employee unions from assessing nonmembers a fee for representing them.

Rebecca Garelli's movement had supported a November ballot initiative, #InvestInEd, to raise taxes on the wealthy to fund public education. Since it was tossed out last month by the Arizona Supreme Court, Garelli has been trying to recruit volunteers and voters to support pro-teacher candidates in November.

But the messages that flood constantly into her social media accounts, email and voice mail must wait until late at night, after she's put her three kids – two of whom are still in highchairs – to bed. Wake-up is 5:30 a.m.    

Christine MacFarland is not a union member and doesn't want to strike. But she says a strike is the only way to change things: “Teachers need to do something to defend themselves.’’

Amber Ball sees it differently. While she concedes that strikes may be effective, as a teacher she worries that they set a bad example for students: Complain, and you’ll get what you want.

© Austin Humphreys, The Coloradoan vis USA TODAY Network Halston Drennan takes notes during his calculus III course at the University of Wyoming. Drennan used to teach high school math in Fort Collins, Colorado but decided to go back to engineering school after pay for his teaching job couldn't keep up with his living expenses. AFTERNOON: 'Ah-ha' and 'Oh-no'

Halston Drennan does some informal teaching in his college physics discussion group. He asks one obviously stumped classmate, “You get that?’’ and then uses his pencil to illustrate paths to the right answer.

He still feels he left part of himself back at his former high school. Helping these students, most of them younger than he is, helps feed his teaching jones.

But he’s comfortable with his decision to quit. He's also glad he didn't pursue a master's degree at the University of Colorado, which would have cost more than $30,000 a year for two years and not boost his salary all that much. Now, he makes about as much as part-time bartender as he did teaching 70 hours a week. He asked himself, “Can I afford being an adult?’’ As a teacher, he concluded, he couldn’t.

“A student asked me if I cried when I made that decision,’’ he recalls. “I told her: 'Yes, I absolutely cried when I made that decision.' "

As fifth period ends, Rebecca Garelli escorts her class to another building for “specials” – art, music or band. She stands for a moment in the shade outside and lowers her sunglasses. She's drained.

It’s the repetition. Today, in the Sonoran Desert, using a 2004 climate science textbook that lists “Katrina’’ as a name for a future storm, she’ll teach the same lesson about Hurricane Florence and hurricane preparation four times.

She explains that, despite her boredom, she can’t mix up the lessons because she has only this one free period in which to plan.

Then there are the standardized tests, where she is measured by her students' performance. She's fighting to keep her passion for the job. 

“I am overwhelmed,’’ she says. “Overwhelmed quite a bit.’’

For Felicia Branch, the day’s last class includes an “ah-ha” moment and an “oh-no” moment.

The class is discussing "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief," a fantasy adventure novel it’s been reading. Branch points out the lead character’s comment about not feeling normal.

One student says Percy is “kind of disowning himself.’’ But, she says, “I don’t disown myself because I’m not normal, and I don’t fit in with a lot of other people. I actually like who I am.”

“I really love that you said that,” Branch replies. “Sometimes, it’s kind of cool to be the oddball. I’ve always considered myself somewhat of an odd bird. … So how many of you felt that when Percy said, ‘I’m not normal,’ that he was dissing and putting himself down – not really owning who he is?”  Several hands go up.

Moments such as this are why you teach. “That goes beyond reading a complex text,’’ she observes later. “That’s synthesizing, that’s analyzing it, that’s relating it to herself.”

Then, about 40 minutes later, Branch notices a dispute developing between a boy and a girl over a note. She walks over, kneels down and asks what’s up. The girl says the boy took the paper, so she took it back. When Branch tells the girl to give her the paper, she refuses – three times.

Branch tells the girl to step out into the hall to calm down. The girl refuses. She sits rigidly and stares straight ahead. “This is what I mean about making a mountain out of a molehill,” Branch tells her. 

Branch sends a student to get the girl’s homeroom teacher. When the man arrives, the girl also gives him the silent treatment. Branch then calls the principal’s office and finally the girl’s home. Her stepfather says he’ll come in.  

After class, Branch rues how, even with her experience, she was unable to defuse the confrontation. “When did it get to be so serious that a teacher could ask you very nicely to do x, y and z, and your first response is still to be defiant?’’

It’s a stinging defeat, given the importance she attaches to developing relationships. And it's a reminder of how much is beyond a classroom teacher's control, especially in a city with the nation's highest rate of child poverty.

Some students, she says, “might not let you in, so you’re never going to get the true story of what’s going on – why they’re coming to school late every day, why they never have books or supplies, and a whole lot of other things.”

Postscript: The stepfather never arrives.

SECOND SHIFT: Side hustles

Christine MacFarland leaves school to drive to her job as a supermarket cashier, only to find that her 2013 Ford Explorer with more than 100,000 miles has a flat tire. She slumps behind the wheel and puts her hands over her face. “I don’t have time or money for a flat tire,” she sighs. She calls her brother to take care of the flat while she gets a ride home to change for her 5 p.m. shift.

5:11 p.m. H-E-B Grocery, Register 5. One of MacFarland's first customers is a former colleague, also a single mother, who left Sinton Elementary last year for a better paying job in the oil and gas industry.

Teacher turnover is a problem in Texas, where the annual rate is 16 percent. The Sinton district's rate last year was 20 percent.

“It’s sad, because she was a good teacher,’’ MacFarland says after the woman checks out. “She flat out just could not make ends meet. … It’s aggravating to go to college to be a teacher, take the classes, undergo staff development and then give it all up. We’re highly trained. When one of us quits, that’s man hours, money and experience out the door.’’

The encounter revives her debate with herself: Stay or go?  

While she's waiting for another customer to pay, she steps away from the checkout area, leans her head back on a partition and takes a deep breath. She needs a rest. 

Amber Ball is back in town and in her kitchen, cooking a week’s meals for herself and nine colleagues. Each teacher pays $5 a meal, which covers Ball’s grocery bill. 

She needs the money. She’s in four weddings between now and April and will attend four others. Plus, she’s completing a teacher certification program. (She's not yet certified in Louisiana but was hired provisionally to fill a need in a rural school.) The program cost $4,000 over the summer and $2,000 – nearly a month’s paycheck – this fall.

Despite her long work day and low pay, Amber Ball is a happy teacher.  

That’s partly because she’s so relaxed. She calls herself “the hippie teacher,’’ and her classroom has a hippie vibe. The whiteboard is outlined by twinkling lights, and the overhead fluorescent lights are switched off.  This year she got rid of desks and installed a giant foam mat, a large table, yoga balls and 20 big floor pillows in cases sewn by her and her grandmother.

And it’s partly because she’s so organized. For instance, she has binders and folders for everything – cooking, class plans, teacher training, even her early-morning workout.

Now, dressed in a T-shirt and grey sweatpants with a rainbow headband to keep her hair out of her face,  she's cooking for colleagues. Because several are on no-carb diets, one of the dishes she’s preparing is zucchini with garlic and parmesan, spiraled like noodles – “zoodles.’’

She tries some:  “Not bad.’’

DAY’S END: After school, but still at work

Ed Lawson, in Racine,  is one of the last teachers to leave the building. That's how he likes it. He’s an ordained minister, and he takes a proprietary interest in the school; he considers it his pastorate. 

Amber Ball gets ready for bed around 8:30. She’ll be out the door by 4:50 the next morning – the only way to get in a workout at the gym before the start of her 10-hour school day.   

Christine MacFarland finishes her supermarket shift at 9. She still hasn’t written the questions she promised at the faculty meeting 12 hours earlier. 

Rebecca Garelli has put her kids to bed and can finally turn to all those messages about #RedForEd. That can take until 2 a.m.

Felicia Branch retires for the night not knowing that she will get through to the student who wouldn’t give up the note. In the days ahead the girl will begin to pay attention, follow instructions, even volunteer to be “laptop captain’’ when the class’s new computers arrive.

Traci Manseau is home, 30 miles from school. She has papers to correct and an online course to take. The alarm is set for 5:50 a.m. It's a grind, but at 45 she has no plans to stop. Another Stahl, William, was born at the Hutterite colony in December. "If I can finish him through school until he's 16,'' she says, "then I can retire.''

EPILOGUE: Respect and disrespect

Teachers hold our hands and wipe our noses, tell us we can be more than we are, maybe more than we think we can be.

In return, we tell pollsters that they’re underpaid, without being sure what they actually make; that we endorse collective bargaining, yet often resist higher taxes; that we even support their right to strike, preferably in someone else’s district.

And so a day with American public school teachers ends with this irony: These people, whom opinion polls show to be among the nation’s most respected, feel disrespected. 

This year that dichotomy led to revolt. Where it leads next is a matter for speculation or  – in Edward Lawson's case – for prayer.   

ABOUT THIS STORY

USA TODAY NETWORK journalists spent Sept. 17 with the following teachers: Amber Ball, English, Spanish and reading, Caldwell Parish Junior High School, Columbia, Louisiana; Felecia Branch, sixth-grade language arts, Mackenzie Elementary-Middle School, Detroit; Mindy Demaris, teacher of the visually impaired, Wicomico County public schools, Maryland;  Halston Drennan, former math teacher at Fossil Ridge High School, Fort Collins, Colorado;  Maripat Franke, special education, Neenah High School, Wisconsin;  Rebecca Garelli, sixth-grade science, Sevilla West Middle School, Phoenix; Sara Grady, STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math) curriculum specialist, Inglewood Elementary School, Nashville, Tennessee;  Arturo Hernandez, second-grade special education, Ocean Academy Charter School, Lakewood, New Jersey;  Edward Lawson, building substitute, Julian Thomas Elementary School, Racine, Wisconsin; Traci Manseau, Deerfield Hutterite Colony School, Montana, all grades; Luis Martinez, Spanish teacher and athletic director, West Shores High School, Salton City, California;  Christine McFarland, fifth-grade English and social studies, Sinton Elementary School, Texas; Lori McLain, middle school science, Babcock Neighborhood School, Babcock Ranch, Florida; Kristy Thomas, fourth-grade language arts, William Dean Jr. Elementary School, Lexington, Mississippi; Laura Wasem, Latin, Walnut Hills High School, Cincinnati. 

Written by Rick Hampson, USA TODAY

Reported by Beatriz Alvarado, The Corpus Christi (Texas) Caller Times; Thyrie Bland, The News-Press, Fort Myers, Florida;  Jason Gonzales, The Tennessean, Nashville;  Leigh Guidry, The Daily Advertiser, Lafayette, Louisiana; Bracey Harris, Clarion Ledger, Jackson, Mississippi;  Lori Higgins, Detroit Free Press; Joe Hong, The Desert Sun, Palm Springs, California;  Austin Humphreys and Kelly Ragan, Fort Collins Coloradoan; Kristen Inbody, Great Falls (Montana) Tribune;  Annysa Johnson, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel;  Byron McCauley, The Cincinnati Enquirer;  Amanda Oglesby, Asbury Park (New Jersey) Press;  Meg Ryan, The Daily Times, Salisbury, Maryland;  Lindsay Schnell, USA TODAY;  Devi Shastri, The Post-Crescent, Appleton, Wisconsin;  Alden Woods, The Arizona Republic

Photographers and videographers: Rachel Denny Clow, The Corpus Christi (Texas) Caller-Times; Thomas P. Costello, Asbury Park (New Jersey) Press; Daniel Damiani, The Post-Crescent, Appleton, Wisconsin; Phil Didion, The Cincinnati Enquirer; Nicolas Galindo, The News-Star, Monroe, Louisiana; Thomas Hawthorne and Tom Tingle, The Arizona Republic; Austin Humphreys, Fort Collins Coloradoan; Larry McCormack, The Tennessean; Zoe Meyers, The Desert Sun, Palm Springs, California;  Jenna Miller, The Daily Times, Salisbury, Maryland ; Mackenzie Salmon, Clarion Ledger, Jackson, Mississippi;  Rion Sanders, Great Falls (Montana) Tribune;  Bill Schulz, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel;  Andrew West, The News-Press, Fort Myers, Florida;  Mandi Wright, Detroit Free Press

Visual editors and video producers: Jarrad Henderson, David Hamlin and Christopher Powers, USA TODAY

Graphics and presentation: Frank Pompa, Ramon Padilla, Jim Sergent, USA TODAY

Editors: Lee Horwich, Chrissie Thompson, USA TODAY

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IIA [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
IIBA [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
IISFA [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Intel [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
IQN [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
IRS [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
ISA [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
ISACA [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
ISC2 [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
ISEB [24 Certification Exam(s) ]
Isilon [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
ISM [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
iSQI [7 Certification Exam(s) ]
ITEC [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Juniper [63 Certification Exam(s) ]
LEED [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Legato [5 Certification Exam(s) ]
Liferay [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Logical-Operations [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Lotus [66 Certification Exam(s) ]
LPI [24 Certification Exam(s) ]
LSI [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Magento [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Maintenance [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
McAfee [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
McData [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Medical [69 Certification Exam(s) ]
Microsoft [368 Certification Exam(s) ]
Mile2 [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Military [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Misc [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Motorola [7 Certification Exam(s) ]
mySQL [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
NBSTSA [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
NCEES [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
NCIDQ [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
NCLEX [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Network-General [12 Certification Exam(s) ]
NetworkAppliance [36 Certification Exam(s) ]
NI [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
NIELIT [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Nokia [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
Nortel [130 Certification Exam(s) ]
Novell [37 Certification Exam(s) ]
OMG [10 Certification Exam(s) ]
Oracle [269 Certification Exam(s) ]
P&C [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Palo-Alto [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
PARCC [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
PayPal [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Pegasystems [11 Certification Exam(s) ]
PEOPLECERT [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
PMI [15 Certification Exam(s) ]
Polycom [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
PostgreSQL-CE [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Prince2 [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
PRMIA [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
PsychCorp [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
PTCB [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
QAI [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
QlikView [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Quality-Assurance [7 Certification Exam(s) ]
RACC [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Real-Estate [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
RedHat [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
RES [5 Certification Exam(s) ]
Riverbed [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
RSA [15 Certification Exam(s) ]
Sair [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
Salesforce [5 Certification Exam(s) ]
SANS [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
SAP [98 Certification Exam(s) ]
SASInstitute [15 Certification Exam(s) ]
SAT [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
SCO [10 Certification Exam(s) ]
SCP [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
SDI [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
See-Beyond [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Siemens [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Snia [7 Certification Exam(s) ]
SOA [15 Certification Exam(s) ]
Social-Work-Board [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
SpringSource [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
SUN [63 Certification Exam(s) ]
SUSE [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Sybase [17 Certification Exam(s) ]
Symantec [134 Certification Exam(s) ]
Teacher-Certification [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
The-Open-Group [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
TIA [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Tibco [18 Certification Exam(s) ]
Trainers [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Trend [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
TruSecure [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
USMLE [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
VCE [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
Veeam [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Veritas [33 Certification Exam(s) ]
Vmware [58 Certification Exam(s) ]
Wonderlic [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Worldatwork [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
XML-Master [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Zend [6 Certification Exam(s) ]

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References :

Box.net : https://app.box.com/s/rf1u1rzjm9qdbx2hwnco1onhurm43u1m
zoho.com : https://docs.zoho.com/file/67jzbdd0c24ce8c5744dba45d9bbe8aba8d0d