ASCP-MLT Medical Laboratory Technician - MLT (ASCP)
Exam Specification:
- test Name: ASCP-MLT Medical Laboratory Technician - MLT (ASCP)
- test Code: ASCP-MLT
- test Duration: 3 hours and 30 minutes
- test Format: Multiple-choice questions
- Passing Score: Determined by the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)
Course Outline:
1. Hematology
- Blood cell morphology and identification
- Hemostasis and coagulation
- Hematological disorders and diseases
- Quality control and quality assurance
2. Clinical Chemistry
- Analytical techniques and instrumentation
- Enzymology and enzyme analysis
- Electrolyte and acid-base balance
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders
3. Microbiology
- Bacteriology and bacterial identification
- Mycology and fungal identification
- Parasitology and parasitic identification
- Virology and viral identification
4. Immunology and Serology
- Immune response and antibody-antigen reactions
- Serological testing methods
- Autoimmune diseases and immune disorders
- Transplantation immunology
5. Urinalysis and Body Fluids
- Urine analysis and microscopic examination
- Body fluid analysis (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid)
- Renal function and renal disorders
- Calculations and interpretations
6. Laboratory Operations
- Laboratory safety and biohazard handling
- Quality control and quality assurance
- Laboratory information systems
- Laboratory management and regulations
Exam Objectives:
1. Perform laboratory procedures accurately and efficiently.
2. Demonstrate knowledge of laboratory principles and practices.
3. Identify and troubleshoot laboratory instrument and test result issues.
4. Apply quality control measures to ensure accurate and reliable test results.
5. Recognize and interpret abnormal laboratory findings and their clinical significance.
6. Follow laboratory safety protocols and maintain a safe work environment.
7. Utilize laboratory information systems and effectively manage laboratory data.
Exam Syllabus:
The test syllabus covers the following Topics (but is not limited to):
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ASCP-MLT
Medical Laboratory Technician - MLT (ASCP)
http://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/ASCP-MLT Question: 105
Class C fires involve:
Question options:
A. grease or oil
B. electrical equipment
C. wood
D. flammable materials Answer: B Question: 106
The intended response is Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. Each of these conditions lead to a megaloblastic
production of the red blood cells in the bone marrow. Since vitamin B12 and folate are needed in order to produce a
synchronous development of the nucleus with the cytoplasm in hematologic cells, oval-macrocytosis often occurs if
these nutrients are not in adequate supply within the body. This can also affect neutrophils, allowing for the
characteristic hypersegmented nucleus.
The photographic field contains several oval-macrocytes and a hypersegmented neutrophil with greater than 5 nuclear
segments. Oval macrocytes are most commonly associated with pernicious anemia and malabsorption syndromes
leading to vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies.
Clinical information relating to chronic infection, aplastic anemia, and other hematologic maligancies provide the
context for the presence of the oval macrocyte.
Macrocytic erythrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils are not present in thalassemias or in Pelger-Huet anomaly
(hyposegmented neutrophils).
Conditions suggested by the macrocytes and the neutrophil in the photograph to the right
include which of the following?
A. Thalassemia
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Pelger-Huet anomaly
D. Folate deficiency Answer: B,D Question: 107
hs-CRP is a more sensitive version of the C-reactive protein (CRP) test, a test that has been used for many years to
assess inflammation in settings such as lupus, transplantation, infection, etc.
Which of the following cardiovascular risk markers is a more sensitive version of a test that is used to assess
inflammation?
A. Oxidized-LDL
B. hs-CRP
C. ApoB/ApoA1
D. LpPLA2 Answer: B Question: 108
Which of the procedures listed below will increase the platelet concentration in the preparation of Platelets?
A. Centrifuge the blood at a low speed, remove the plasma and spin the plasma again at a low speed.
B. Centrifuge the bood at a low speed, remove the plasma and spin the plasma again at a
high speed.
C. Centrifuge the blood at a high speed, remove the plasma and spin the plasma again at a high speed.
D. Increase the duration of rotation Answer: C Question: 109
The production of long, tapered phialides is one of the key identifying features of Trichoderma species. In contrast,
Penicillium species, produce phialides with blunt ends.
The phialides of Beauveria species are geniculate, forming a zig-zag pattern.
The arrows in the image on the right point to single, long, tapered phialides that extend laterally from either side of the
hyphae. This is an identifying feature of which of the fungi listed below?
A. Trichoderma species
B. Penicillium species
C. Beauveria species Answer: A Question: 110
HbsAg is positive in acute and chronic Hepatitis B infections, since the antigen is found on the genuine surface of the
virus. HbeAg is present in the blood when the hepatitis B viruses are replicating, indicating an active infection. Anti-
Hbc IgM is present due to the immune response to the presence of the hepatitis core antigen and indicates an acute
infection. Anti-HBs is generally interpreted as indicating recovery and immunity from hepatitis B virus infection,
according to the CDC.
Given the following results, what is the immune status of the patient?
HbsAg: positive
HbeAg: positive
Anti-HBc IgM: positive
Anti-HBs: negative
A. acute infection
B. chronic infection
C. immunization
D. susceptible Answer: A Question: 111
Each of the drugs/drug classes listed above have been known to cause drug-induced hemolytic anemia, although
cephalosporins are the MOST COMMON cause. Cephalosporins can cause drug-induced hemolytic anemia when a
patient produces antibodies to the particular cephalosporin drug in the presence of red blood cells. The drugs can alter
the membrane appearance of the red blood cells, causing the body to mistake them as foreign. Complement becomes
activated due to these antibodies; red cells are then destroyed causing hemolytic anemia. Dark urine, caused by
intravascular hemolysis, is one of the most common symptoms associated with this condition.
Which one of the following drugs/drug classes is the MOST COMMON cause of drug-induced hemolytic anemia?
A. Levodopa
B. Quinidine
C. Cephalosporins
D. Levofloxacin
E. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Answer: C Question: 112
The tube of choice for trace metal analysis is:
A. red
B. royal blue
C. gold
D. light blue Answer: B Question: 113
Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions are most commonly due to ABO-incompatible blood being transfused to a
recipient with naturally occurring ABO alloantibodies (anti-A, anti-B, anti A,B).
Acute intravascular hemolysis as the result of a blood transfusion is most often associated with which of the following
causes?
A. Transfusion of ABO incompatible red cells
B. Allergies
C. Passively transfused antibodies to HLA antigens
D. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease Answer: A Question: 114
Lower right image
Chains of large, lemon-shaped annelloconidia
A. Aspergillus niger
B. Microsporum canis
C. Scopulariopsis species
D. Acremonium species Answer: A,B,C,D Question: 115
Only non-self antigens can be immunogenic. Self antigens are normally recognized by the immune system as part of
the host, so an immune response does not normally occur. Non-self antigens are immunogenic since they have the
potential to cause an immune response.
For a substance to be immunogenic it must be:
A. A linear molecule
B. A lipid
C. Less than 5,000 molecular weight
D. Recognized as non-self
E. A haptene Answer: D Question: 116
Gating sets up boundaries around a subset of data points to segregate those events for analysis.
Gating the proper cell population is crucial for flow cytometric analysis. The CD marker information presented on the
histogram data is only representative of the cells inside the gate.
When analyzing the raw data of a sample on the flow cytometer, CD marker information on the histograms represents
data inside the _____ population.
A. Gated
B. Non-gated Answer: A
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https://killexams.com/exam_list/ASCPViewing Laboratory Test Results Online
Abstract and Introduction
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study sought to extend the existing research regarding patients' reactions to viewing laboratory test results online by: (a) investigating patients' emotional responses to viewing test results online, (b) determining what, if any, followup actions patients engaged in after viewing their test results online, and (c) examining the impact of preparatory conversations between physicians and patients on patients' emotional and behavioral responses.
Methods: An email survey of Kaiser Permanente members was conducted. Study participants were patients who had viewed at least one test result online within the past year.
Results: A total of 1,546 patients responded to the survey; response rate was 43%, completion rate was 39%. Survey participants reported high levels of satisfaction, appreciation, calm, happiness, and relief. Few experienced worry, confusion, fear, upset, or anger. The most common followup activities to viewing lab test result online were speaking with family or friends about the results, looking up information on websites, and making a graph of the pattern of test results over time. Patients whose doctors spoke with them about what to expect from their test results experienced significantly more relief, appreciation, satisfaction, happiness, calm; and, less confusion than those who did not speak with their doctors prior to viewing their results. Patients whose expectations were set by their doctors were also less likely to engage in a host of followup activities, including emailing and telephoning doctors and scheduling additional appointments.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that patients who view their lab test results online overwhelmingly react with positive rather than negative emotions. The results also illustrate the influence of physician-patient prior communication on patients' reactions and their followup actions.
Introduction
Patient access to laboratory test results via online patient portals is growing across the United States and other countries.[1] This increasing access is being accompanied by widespread concern about patients receiving results without the intermediation of physicians. Traditionally, physicians have been responsible for explaining test results to patients and putting the results into the context of the patient's entire health picture. The concerns are that: (1) patients seeing abnormal test results will react negatively with anxiety or other harmful emotional reactions; (2) patients will not understand the results, whether normal or abnormal, and will need extra time from the physician to explain what they mean.[2–4] A corollary concern is that patients will be unnecessarily thinking about the clinically insignificant results that fall outside of the reference range, or about expected results that fall out of this range, such as an International Normalized Ratio (INR) for a patient on an anticoagulant.[5]
Research evidence indicates that these concerns may be unfounded. Studies have shown that for the most part patients do not react negatively to the idea of viewing their test results online, and report that they are not concerned about the privacy of those records.[2 6] In a study focused on electronic access to medical records Pyper et al[7] discovered that although some medical terms and abbreviations did require explanation, the majority of patients in their study found the content of their medical records generally useful and easy to understand. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that patient satisfaction increases as patients gain greater and faster access to their medical records.[8 9] None of these studies asked specifically about patients' emotional reactions and followup actions after seeing online test results.
Concerns that providing patients access to their electronic medical records will increase physician workload are unsubstantiated in the literature. Ross et al[3] noted that merely giving patients access to their medical records did not appreciably increase workload, and in some cases increased efficiency because patient-held records were more likely to be available at the time of appointments than hospital-held records. Similarly, Rodriguez et al[10] showed that contrary to expectations, 6 months following the implementation of an expanded offering of laboratory results on a patient portal, physicians and nurses said their workload actually decreased or stayed the same.
Although the existing literature does not support the notion that releasing laboratory test results to patients online will result in negative consequences for patients and physicians, there is still some ambiguity surrounding the potential impact of a-priori patient-physician conversations about test results. This study seeks to extend the existing evidence by: (a) investigating patients' emotional responses to viewing test results online, (b) determining what, if any, followup actions patients engaged in after viewing their test results online, and (c) examining the impact of preparatory conversations between physicians and patients on patients' emotional and behavioral responses.
Wed, 03 Jan 2024 10:00:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/813736What Is a Lipase Test?
A lipase test is a blood test that measures the level of a digestive enzyme called lipase in your blood. It may also be referred to as a serum lipase or LPS.
What is lipase?
Lipase is a type of digestive enzyme that helps your body absorb fats. Your pancreas -- a long, flat organ between your stomach and spine-- makes most of the lipase in your body. Your salivary, or spit, glands and your stomach also make some.
Your blood normally contains some lipase. It may contain more than usual if you have a problem with your pancreas. Your doctor may want to find out the level of this protein in your blood to find how your pancreas is doing.
Your doctor will order a lipase test if they think you may have something wrong with your pancreas. Acute pancreatitis, which is sudden, severe inflammation of the pancreas, is the most common problem that a lipase test might be used to diagnose. If you have pancreatitis, you might have these symptoms:
Severe pain in your belly that may extend to your chest or back
A lipase test may be used to monitor your pancreas if you’ve already been diagnosed with acute or chronic (ongoing) pancreatitis. It can find out whether your blood lipase levels are increasing or decreasing. It can also be used to find out whether your treatment is working well.
Sometimes, your doctor will order a lipase test to help monitor or diagnose other conditions, such as:
A lipase test is a simple procedure done in a lab or doctor's office.
How do I prepare for a lipase test?
You will need to fast, or stop eating or drinking anything but water, for 8 hours before your lipase test.
Your doctor might tell you to stop taking certain medications before your test because they can interfere with the test results. These include:
Birth control pills
Opiates, such as codeine and morphine
Cholinergic medicines
Indomethacin
Thiazide diuretics
As with any type of lab test, there are some things you can do to ensure the test goes smoothly:
Follow your doctor's pre-test instructions.
Inform your doctor or the lab technician if you were unable to follow any of the instructions -- even minor details are important.
Tell your doctor or lab technician if you started taking any new medications or supplements.
Stay hydrated to boost blood volume and make drawing blood easier.
Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can dehydrate you and make you lightheaded.
Wear a a short-sleeved shirt or another top that makes it easy to access your arm for the blood draw.
Avoid eating just before your test if having your blood drawn makes you nauseous.
Lipase test procedure
A nurse or lab tech will take a small blood sample. They will likely put a snug band around your upper arm first to help make your veins easier to find. They may ask you to squeeze your hand into a fist.
They will then insert a thin needle into one of your veins. You might feel a small pain or sting. After enough blood goes into a tube, they'll take off the band and then take out the needle. They’ll put a bandage on your skin where the needle went in.
During the test:
Try to relax and take deep breaths.
Tell your technician if you feel faint or have any other discomfort.
Don't look at the needle during your blood draw if it makes you uncomfortable.
Lipase test risks
The risks of getting blood drawn are minor, but you could experience:
Slight pain
Bruising
Mild redness and swelling
Contact your doctor if you:
Feel dizzy or faint
Have signs of infection such as more intense redness, swelling, pain, warmth, pus, or red streaks at or near the place your blood was drawn
Your doctor will be looking for signs of abnormal lipase levels -- either high or low -- in your blood. The lab will provide your results on a spectrum that includes what are considered normal ranges.
Normal lipase levels
The normal lipase range is usually 0 to 160 units per liter (U/L), or 0 to 2.67 microkat/L (µkat/L). Normal levels may vary slightly between labs, so you and your doctor will look at the ranges given with your results to figure out how your lipase levels compare.
High lipase levels
A high level of lipase in the blood is a sign that you may have a condition affecting the pancreas.
It's likely that you have acute pancreatitis if your lipase levels are three to 10 times higher than the highest reference value.
Elevated levels of lipase in your blood can also be a sign of:
Pancreas diseases like a blocked duct or pancreatic cancer
Chronic kidney disease
Peptic ulcer (a sore in your stomach lining)
Gallbladder disease
Gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach caused by a virus)
Intestinal problems, like a blocked intestine
Problems with your salivary (spit) glands, such as cancer or infections
Diabetes
Alcohol use disorder
Low lipase levels
Low lipase levels that are close to 0 could be a sign that the cells in your pancreas are damaged. This can happen when you have a chronic disease that affects your pancreas, such as chronic pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis (an inherited disease in which thick mucus can damage organs). They can also be a sign of pancreatic cancer.
Medications that affect lipase
Lipase levels that aren't in the normal range don't always mean you have a medical condition that you need to worry about. Some medications affect lipase, such as:
Birth control pills
Codeine
Cholesterol medicines
Diuretics, or water pills
This is why it's important that you tell your doctor about any medications you take that they didn't prescribe.
Although doctors consider the lipase test the best one to diagnose acute pancreatitis, your doctor may also order a blood test for amylase, another enzyme that rises when there's a problem with your pancreas.
You may also have a scan -- such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI -- so your doctor can see any physical abnormalities or swelling of your pancreas.
A lipase test looks for abnormal levels of the digestive enzyme lipase in your blood. A lipase level outside the normal range can be a sign of a problem with your pancreas or an underlying health condition. It could also be related to medications you take. Your doctor will look at your test results and do more tests if needed to make a diagnosis and treatment plan.
What is a lipase test for?
A lipase test is a blood test that looks for abnormal levels of the digestive enzyme lipase. It's a simple blood draw that you have in a doctor's office or lab.
What does a high lipase level mean?
High lipase levels are often a sign of pancreatitis. They can also be a sign of other conditions such as chronic kidney disease, pancreatic cancer, peptic ulcers, gallbladder disease, gastroenteritis, intestinal problems, and problems with your salivary glands.
What are the symptoms of high lipase?
If your lipase levels are high, you might have pain in your belly that extends to your chest or back, belly pain that feels worse after eating, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fat in your stool (poop), rapid pulse, unexplained weight loss, yellowing of your eyes and skin (jaundice).
Can high lipase mean diabetes?
High lipase levels can be a sign of diabetes. Metabolic problems can affect lipase levels, as can diabetic ketoacidosis, a condition in which your body can't make enough insulin. Insulin helps sugar enter cells and provide energy to muscles and other tissues in your body. When there's not enough insulin, your body will begin to use fats for energy, which can cause high levels of substances called ketones in your bloodstream. After a while, this can lead to ketoacidosis. If this happens, you might have symptoms like feeling very thirsty, peeing a lot, feeling nauseous and throwing up, having stomach pain, feeling weak and tired, and being out of breath.
Thu, 14 Dec 2023 10:00:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-a-lipase-testLaboratory proficiency testing
Independent proficiency tests are an important tool for laboratories to show evidence of their performance and to ensure that their analytical results can be trusted. The IAEA provides substantial support to Member States laboratories in the field of proficiency testing of environment-related analytical methods.
All areas of science and life that use measured data must be able to have confidence in the results received from laboratories. Participating in independent proficiency tests is a critical check to verify the performance of analytical laboratories. It is a mandatory requirement for the laboratories’ accreditation of analytical procedures according to the ISO 17025 standard. When implementing quality systems, analytical laboratories must also prove their measurement capability.
The IAEA encourages Member States laboratories to participate in such performance tests. It conducts proficiency tests with them, checking for radionuclides, trace elements and organic contaminants in environmental samples and for the stable isotope composition of natural products.
Many elements are naturally present in the environment in different isotopic forms. Carbon, for example, is present in the form of two stable isotopes, carbon-12 and carbon-13. Their ratio in plants, carbonate and carbon-dioxide provides information on natural biological and chemical processes and on the origin and fate of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Similarly, the existence of trace elements or organic pollutants yields information that is useful for protecting the terrestrial and marine environment.
For many laboratories, it is challenging to measure radionuclides at environmental level close to the limit of detection. Regular participation in proficiency tests, involving the analyses of freshwater, seawater, soil and biological samples, helps them increase their confidence and enables them to Excellerate their analytical techniques. Annually, more than 500 laboratories worldwide participate in such tests organized by the IAEA.
Participation in these tests is free of charge. After the completion of a proficiency test, laboratories receive a report that summarises the results. This helps them to identify the reasons for any detected deviations and to Excellerate their analytical performance.
Thu, 19 May 2022 07:29:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.iaea.org/services/laboratory-services/laboratory-proficiency-testingWood Protection Group Laboratory Testing
Have questions? Contact us to discuss testing options. The Wood Decay Lab offers a wide variety of cultured fungi for testing.
Soil Block Decay
AWPA Standard, E10, Standard Method of Testing Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures. Also, ASTM D1413 and WDMA TM-1.
The soil block decay test is a highly standardized means for evaluating wood preservatives under tightly controlled laboratory conditions, including control over the type and number of decay fungus species to which the specimens are exposed. Small wood blocks are dried, weighed and inoculated with decay fungi in a jar containing sterilized soil, which is then maintained at approximately 80°F (27°C) and 80% RH. After a specified time period (usually 12 weeks), the soil block specimens are removed, dried and weighed to determine weight loss due to decay.
Soil Bed Decay
AWPA Standard, E14 -Standard Method Of Evaluating Wood Preservatives In A Soil Bed.
Soil bed stake decay testing is an effective means for relatively quickly evaluating the efficacy of wood preservatives in wood under severe ground contact conditions. Wood foundations, utility poles, building poles, and land or fresh water pilings may undergo similar, if less severe exposures. Treated (and untreated) wood stakes are inserted half-way into the soil bed. At specified time intervals the stakes are removed and rated for severity of decay and insect damage. They are placed back into the soil bed after each rating until a light bending force causes them to fail.
Mold Resistance on Wood Surfaces
AWPA E24 Standard Method of Evaluating the Resistance of Wood Product Surfaces to Mold Growth. orMTU Developed Test Method
This test evaluates the resistance or susceptibility of wood-based materials to surface mold-stain fungi. Test samples are suspended above pre-inoculated soil in a sealed chamber. The soil is above 3 inches of warm water, which keeps the air temperature at 25 degrees C and the relative humidity at 90-100%. Specimens are inoculated with mold fungi. Samples are suspended in the chamber and rated weekly for a total of 8-16 weeks.
Mold Resistance to Wood Adhesives
ASTM Standard D 4300. Standard Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films to Support or Resist the Growth of Fungi.
This test evaluates the ability of adhesive films on agar plates to inhibit or support the growth of selected mold fungus species. The test provides means of testing adhesive films of various solubility and viscosity on two agar substrates, one which promotes microbial growth and one which does not. Agar plates with adhesive disks are inoculated and evaluated weekly for up to three weeks. The standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
Thickness Swell and Water Absorption
Modified ASTM Standards, D 1037 - Standard Methods Of Evaluating the Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Material, 1989, pp. 167-196.
Water absorption and thickness swell of wood products due to contact with water is a large problem in the construction industry. High wood moisture content increases the susceptibility of the wood to decay and insect damage, and may cause other undesirable physical and mechanical effects. Thickness swell is especially undesirable in construction applications where dimensional stability is required. To reduce, or slow down the absorption of water in wood composites a hydrophobe (water repellent) is added during its manufacture. This test is intended to test the effectiveness of the hydrophobe as well as the overall dimensional stability of the wood composite when submerged in water. Specimens are measured, weighed and placed under a grid one-inch below the water-line in a water bath maintained at approximately 64°F (18°C). After two hours and 24 hours the specimens are removed from the water, weighed, and the thickness is measured. The percent change from the original thickness represents the thickness swell, and the percent weight change from the original weight represents the water absorption. Specimens are reconditioned to equilibrium moisture content and measured again to determine the non-recoverable thickness swell.
Specific Gravity, Density, and Moisture Content
ASTM Standard: D 2395 Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Base Materials.
Specific gravity and moisture content are two factors having a great affect on the physical and mechanical properties of wood. As such, these variables must always be considered when wood is tested, or used to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental preservative. Wood selection for preservative testing is often determined by the number of growth rings per inch, or by a specific weight range to minimize specific gravity (and density) as a variable. Moisture content is also controlled, either by oven-drying the specimens, or by conditioning them in a climate-controlled room for a specified period of time.
Leachability
AWPA Standard, E10, Standard Method of Testing Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures. 11.2 Leaching Procedures for Water-borne Preservatives, 1999. or AWPA Standard, E11, Standard Method of Determining the leachability of Wood Preservatives, 1999.
Leachability testing is a type of accelerated laboratory depletion test. It evaluates the degree of fixation of the preservative under the harshest conditions. Leachability specimens are saturated with distilled water under pressure and kept submerged with weights. The water is changed at specified time intervals for two weeks. The changed water (leachate) may be saved for analysis. After the leaching period is over the specimens are analyzed along with unleached specimens to determine the amount of preservative leached out of the specimens.
Corrosivity of Metal in Contact with Treated Wood
AWPA, E12-94 -Standard Method Of Determining Corrosion Of Metal In Contact With Treated Wood, 1996. p.318.
With the wide variety and extensive use of metal fasteners in wood construction, determining the effect of preservative chemicals on metal corrosion rates is important. Test metal strips, commonly including SAE 1010 steel, red brass, aluminum alloy, and hot-dipped zinc galvanized steel are sandwiched between treated wood blocks. The assemblies are held together with nylon fasteners under moderately high temperature and high humidity for a specified time period. Then, the corrosion products are cleaned from the metal specimens, and the weight loss due to corrosion is determined. Using a standardized formula, the corrosion rate is expressed in mils per year.
Corrosivity of Metal in Treating Solution
AWPA Standard, E17 Standard Method For Determining Corrosion Rates Of Metals In Contact With Treating Solutions, 1999, pp.404-405.
This test is relevant to wood preservers who may use the chemicals to treat wood in assessing the potentially damaging corrosive effect on their plant equipment. Test metal alloy coupons, commonly including mild steel, red brass, and phosphorous bronze are suspended in jars of treating solution by strings attached to the jar lids. The assembled test jars are agitated on a platform shaker for 25 days, with the treating solution changed at specified time intervals. After 25 days the corrosion products are cleaned from the metal test coupons, which are then weighed to determine the weight loss due to corrosion. Using a standardized formula, the corrosion rate is expressed in mils per year.
Mechanical: Internal Bond
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1989, D 1037 -Standard Methods Of Evaluating the Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Material, pp. 167-196.
Internal bond is a fundamental measure of the adhesive performance in wood composites. This strength is in large part determined by the effectiveness of the glue application in the composite manufacture, but is also affected by other variables such as wood particle size and density of the composite. The internal bond specimen size is 2x2 inches (50x50 mm) by the composite thickness. Aluminum test blocks are glued to the top and bottom surfaces of the specimen using hot-melt glue. The test machine fixture grips the aluminum blocks and applies tension perpendicular to the specimen surface until the specimen fails. Internal bond is then reported as the maximum recorded load divided by the cross sectional area of the specimen.
Mechanical: Static Bending
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1989, D 1037 -Standard Methods Of Evaluating the Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Material, pp. 167-196. or D 143 Part II. Secondary Methods or D 790M, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Un-reinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials [Metric], pp. 290-297.
Static bending refers to tests performed in which a bending stress is applied to the specimen to determine the stiffness, or modulus of elasticity of the specimen as well as the amount of force required to cause the specimen to fail, expressed as the modulus of rupture. The specimen size is dependent on the testing standard used, the material type, the original size and intended end-use of the material being tested.
Mechanical: Compression Testing
Based on the method of Nicholas (Dr. Darrel D. Nicholas, Dr. Zhongwei Jin. 1996. Use of Compression Strength Loss For Measuring Decay in the Soil Block Test.IRG/WP 96-20083)
This test was designed to provide compressive strength data for small-sized wood specimens, since the larger size specimens required for the standard ASTM test method cannot always be obtained. One inch cube specimens are conditioning to 12% MC. Then, the specimen is positioned under the test machine compression plate for an applied load perpendicular to the tangential face of the specimen. The specimen is preloaded to 10 lbs, and then compressed until 5% strain is achieved. The load at 5% strain is recorded.
Fri, 08 Jun 2018 05:31:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.mtu.edu/forest/research/partnerships/wpg/wpglabtesting.htmlMedical Laboratory Science, Certificate
Saint Louis University's medical laboratory science certificate offers students who have already obtained an undergraduate degree in an alternate field and are pursuing a career change a certificate to become a medical laboratory professional.
The certificate has three concentration options: clinical hematology, clinical microbiology and clinical chemistry.
Curriculum Overview
SLU's medical laboratory science certificate program's curriculum provides students with a strong science background, medically applied coursework and corresponding practicum experiences in the clinical laboratory.
Each program consists of two semesters of didactic coursework at the undergraduate level, followed by a clinical practicum that varies in length between five to seven weeks. The typical program takes between 12-18 months to complete.
Clinical and Research Opportunities
Clinical internship experiences in clinical practice settings (e.g., hospitals, clinics, reference labs, etc.) are a required component of SLU's medical laboratory science certificate curricula.
Careers
Graduates with a certificate in medical laboratory science are prepared to conduct and manage a broad spectrum of laboratory testing. Results of these tests are used to evaluate the health status of individuals, diagnose disease and monitor treatment efficacy. Graduates of this program frequently work in diagnostic, research and/or other laboratory settings.
Upon successfully completing the program, graduates are eligible for national certification by the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) as categorical medical laboratory professionals.
Admission Requirements
Completion of a conferred degree from an institution that is accredited by one of the regional accreditation agencies is required.
Students must complete a combination of 30 credits (45 quarter credits) of biology, chemistry and/or medical sciences for program admission consideration.
A college minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.50 on a 4.00 scale, including a minimum 2.50 science/math GPA with at least a “C” in all biological sciences, chemistry and math is required.
Transcript Evaluation
Students interested in clinical hematology, clinical microbiology or clinical chemistry should contact Amanda Reed at amanda.reed@health.slu.edu or 314-977-8686 for transcript evaluation.
Admission Decisions
The number of students admitted into each certificate program is based on the availability of clinical placement sites for practicum experiences. No student will be admitted until clinical placement for practicum experiences has been secured.
In the event of a limited number of available placement spots, a competitive entry process based on GPA, previous coursework, and letters of recommendation will be used to admit students. Admission decisions will be made on or before June 1 to enter the fall cohort.
All applicants must meet the professional performance standards required for the profession.
Required Background Check
Regulations require all students to complete a criminal background check and a drug test at least once during the program; either or both may be repeated as agency requirements demand. Positive results from the criminal background check or drug tests may result in ineligibility to attend clinical rotations and/or to graduate from the program. A felony conviction will affect a graduate’s professional certification and professional practice eligibility.
Tuition
Tuition Per Credit
Tuition
Cost Per Credit
Undergraduate Tuition
$1,830
Additional charges may apply. Other resources are listed below:
Students who graduated with a bachelor's degree and are seeking a second bachelor's degree or post-baccalaureate certificate do not qualify for most SLU and federal financial aid.
Financial aid may be available in the form of federal loans, which require repayment. Federal loan eligibility is based on what was borrowed as an undergraduate student. (Find more information on loan limits.) Federal loan consideration requires a completed Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).
The Medical Laboratory Science program at Saint Louis University has been continuously accredited since the graduation of its first class in 1933.
We are one of the oldest programs in the nation, founded in 1929, and boast over 90 years of educational service to the medical laboratory science profession.
Students must maintain a minimum 2.50 grade point average (GPA).
Mon, 12 Jun 2023 23:46:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.slu.edu/doisy/degrees/biomedical-laboratory-science-post-bacc-certificates.phpBest At-Home STD Tests for 2024
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We compared the best at-home STD tests available online and found that Everlywell offers users the best overall experience.
Best at-home tests
Regular testing for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is important for overall health and any necessary treatments. At-home tests can provide an accurate and convenient method for knowing your status.
STDs and STIs are very common. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1 million STIs are acquired daily worldwide.
One reason for this is that contraceptive methods, such as condoms, aren’t always failproof. Overall, if you’re sexually active, you could contract an STI.
Nowadays, there are dozens of at-home testing kits that may make getting tested easier.
Here’s some information on quality at-home testing options, how to figure out what type is best for you, and when to contact a doctor.
You can use this chart for a quick comparison of the tests in their roundup:
There are a lot of factors to consider when choosing an at-home STD test, which is why they turned to the experts.
Every product they recommend and brand they work with is thoroughly vetted by their team. If there are any lawsuits, recalls, or regulatory action letters documented about these products or companies, their vetting team makes sure they’re reported and listed.
In addition to legalities, their team always checks for medical credibility, good business practices, privacy practices and security, social impact, and the validity of any health claims a brand makes about a product. At-home testing services are required to abide by telehealth standards in the following circumstances:
guidance available to customers who test positive for an STD
prescription services available in the event of positive test results
physician orders for in-person lab testing available where necessary
With dozens of at-home testing kits available, it can be hard to choose the right one. After all, what does a good at-home STD testing kit look like? What should it entail? What do you need?
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Your needs will vary, depending on your situation and circumstances. Also, they may change over time.
This chart can help you determine which type of test is right for you.
If you think you’ll need help determining results from your at-home test, taking an in-office test may be preferable. It’s an immediate source of information, and an action plan can be created on-site in the case of a positive result.
Also, be sure the test you choose is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To determine whether the FDA approves a product, you can check the FDA’s website.
At-home STD tests arrive with all the tools needed to collect a sample, such as:
needles or lancets
swabs
collection tubes
alcohol wipes
bandages
a prepaid envelope to mail your sample back to the company
You might need to provide a blood or urine sample or perform a rectal, oral, or vaginal swab. It’s best to return the samples the same day you take them. The company then sends results through your online account, usually within 1 to 7 days.
While every home STD testing service is different, most brands recommended here offer professional advice or support for reading test results at home.
If you do a fully at-home STD test, there’s a risk you’ll misinterpret your results. Lab-based tests can also be difficult to interpret without a medical background.
As such, it’s best to opt for a testing service where you have access to a healthcare professional who can discuss your results with you. They can help you interpret your results and advise on treatments and next steps.
Talk with a healthcare professional if one of your partners has recently tested positive for an STD or STI or if you’re experiencing possible symptoms of an STI.
The CDC recommends STD screenings from a healthcare professional in the following cases:
You’re between 13 and 64 years old and have never been tested for HIV.
You share needles. Your doctor may recommend annual HIV testing.
You have sex without a condom or other barrier methods. Your doctor may recommend annual HIV testing.
You have oral or anal sex regularly. Your doctor may recommend throat and rectal testing.
You’re pregnant. Your doctor will test you for hepatitis B and C, HIV, and syphilis.
If you have an STI but are experiencing more or worsening symptoms, like genital discharge or urinary symptoms, contact a healthcare professional to further evaluate your symptoms.
The CDC makes the following additional recommendations for screening:
People who are sexually active and assigned female at birth, people assigned male at birth, and people under 25 years old may want to undergo annual chlamydia and gonorrhea testing.
People who are sexually active and assigned male at birth who have sex with other people assigned male at birth may want to undergo testing as frequently as every 3 to 6 months.
Our roundup of at-home STD tests is a good starting point if you want to get tested without contacting a doctor.
Depending on the test, you may need to visit a lab for collection. Every other part of the process, including the lab order, payment, and results, is done online.
If you receive a positive test result, the testing kit company may offer a consultation with one of their doctors. During that consultation, you can discuss any next steps, such as further testing or treatment.
At this point, it’s also a good idea to contact your primary care doctor to share your results.
With both at-home and lab-direct tests, you’ll provide a sample. The samples may include blood, urine, anal, vaginal, or oral swabs.
The samples are submitted to a lab, and results are shared discreetly.
If you receive a positive STD result, contact your primary care clinician to discuss the best treatment option for you. Also, be prepared to notify any partners of the positive result.
An at-home test may confirm whether you have an STD, but it’s important to contact your doctor if you have symptoms of a possible infection. These symptoms may include:
vaginal or penile burning or discharge
frequent urination
pelvic or genital pain
sores or bumps around your genitals, anus, or mouth
atypical bleeding (bleeding other than menstruation)
The CDC recommends that people ages 13 to 64 get tested for HIV at least once a year as part of their routine health checkup.
The CDC also recommends that sexually active women younger than 25 years get tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia every year.
In addition, the CDC suggests that pregnant people get tested for syphilis, hepatitis B, and HIV early in their pregnancy.
Sexually active men who have sex with men may want to also get tested for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea annually.
If you experience symptoms at any time, don’t wait to get tested. The quicker you’re tested, the sooner you can begin treatment.
Most modern STD tests are very accurate. Still, test accuracy can vary, depending on the type of sample and the test detection method.
Traditional in-office tests are more accurate than fully online tests, and home-to-lab tests are more accurate than self-collected tests. But all are highly efficient.
While in-office STD tests may be considered the most reliable, the at-home test kits on their list also have a reputation for being accurate.
It’s important that you don’t rely on home testing in place of contacting your doctor if you have any possible symptoms of an STD or STI or have other important questions about your overall health.
Most insurance plans cover the cost of STD tests, as these tests are considered preventive and covered under the Affordable Care Act. But whether your plan covers a specific STD test depends on several factors, including your:
age
sex and gender
risk factors
pregnancy status
Also, the coverage of at-home tests varies.
To learn more about your specific options, talk with a nurse, a doctor, or your insurance company.
Testing can help prevent the transmission of STIs. It can also help you get the appropriate treatment if you have a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection, as many STDs and STIs can be treated or cured.
Contacting a doctor or other healthcare professional is generally the most reliable way to know whether you’ve contracted an STI or have an STD. But an at-home test is an excellent alternative. For many, an at-home test is a confidential and convenient option.
Kimberly Zapata is a mother, writer, and mental health advocate. Her work has appeared on several sites, including The Washington Post, HuffPost, Oprah, Vice, Parents, Health, and Scary Mommy — to name a few. When her nose isn’t buried in work (or a good book), Kimberly spends her free time runningGreater Than: Illness, a nonprofit organization that aims to empower children and young adults working through mental health conditions. Follow Kimberly onFacebookorTwitter.
Kristeen Cherney is a freelance writer and PhD candidate who specializes in covering Topics related to mental disabilities, women’s health, skin health, diabetes, thyroid disease, asthma, and allergies. She’s also currently working on her dissertation, which explores intersections of disability studies and literacy studies. When she’s not researching or writing, Cherney enjoys getting outdoors as much as possible. She also practices yoga and kick-boxing.
Mon, 01 Jan 2024 10:00:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.healthline.com/health/at-home-std-testLaboratory Medicine
Division Director: Sixto Leal, M.D., Ph.D.
The second-largest clinical division in the Department of Pathology after Anatomic Pathology, Laboratory Medicine engages in clinical service, oversight of clinical laboratories, teaching and research. Most faculty members are responsible (Section Head) of one or more clinical laboratory and are responsible for the analysis of blood, urine, body fluids and tissue used for the diagnosis and management of disease. The division conducts approximately 6million tests annually for the UAB Health System. All sections of the UAB Hospital Laboratories are automated and integrated with the UAB Hospital information systems allowing test results to be seen at remote sites. Our laboratories are also accredited by: CAP, CLIA and AABB, and the proficiency of their very experienced staff is monitored by internal and external quality assurance programs.
A 4-year old $6.8 million automated core laboratory (Clinical Chemistry, Coagulation and Hematology) located in the heart of the UAB Hospital performs millions of tests annually, in addition to tests performed in other laboratories such as Blood Bank, Microbiology, Flow Cytometry, and Immunology. Each laboratory is managed by highly skilled medical technologists and most are staffed 24/7. The Division also works with the laboratory at the large outpatient building, The Kirklin Clinic, and the affiliated Highlands Hospital, both in the downtown Birmingham campus. In addition, there are several satellite laboratories as part of the outreach services of the UAB Health System. Our faculty members and trainees are available for consultation regarding appropriate laboratory test utilization and interpretation of results 24 hours a day, and reached via the UAB Paging Operator.
The Division has 16 full- and part-time faculty members with MD and/or PhD degrees. It offers 1-year fellowships in Hematopathology (in conjunction with AP) and Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine. Special expertise includes the following:
Tue, 01 Sep 2020 19:34:00 -0500en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.uab.edu/medicine/pathology/divisions/laboratory-medicineOur Testing Lab's favorite products from DecemberNo result found, try new keyword!That's why it is vital to have an exceptional coffee maker. Fortunately, BestReviews was focused on testing coffee makers during the last month of the year. The lab evaluated many models, including ...Sun, 31 Dec 2023 06:07:00 -0600en-ustext/htmlhttps://www.msn.com/Viewing Laboratory Test Results Online
Methods
Setting
Kaiser Permanente (KP) is a not-for-profit integrated health care organization serving nine million members in nine states and the District of Columbia.
Kaiser Permanente began offering online health services in 1996. My Health Manager, KP's personal health record (PHR), allows members to view parts of their medical record including: laboratory results, immunizations, details about past office visits, prescriptions, allergies and health conditions. The member website also allows KP members to conduct clinical transactions, such as scheduling or canceling appointments, and refilling prescriptions for themselves and family members. Members may also email their doctors via secure messaging.
Additional features available on KP's member website include numerous health and wellness programs, account management services, health and drug encyclopedias and facility and provider directories. The website's health information and directories are free and available to the public; however, registration and sign-on are required for KP members to access the PHR features. At the end of 2012, 4.1 million KP members, 66% of those who were eligible, were registered to use the patient website.
Online Laboratory Test Results
Introduction of the online laboratory test results feature at KP began in 2005 and was completed in 2007. The decision making process about which results to make available to patients was based on an explicitly patient-centered approach, which recognizes that the results belong to the patient, barring legal or real patient safety issues. Although there are variations among KP's regions, the vast majority of test results are available to patients at the same time they are available to the ordering physicians. Other results are available after a delay of up to three days, to provide the physician time to discuss the result with the patient. For example, genetic test results are generally revealed within the context of a conversation with the ordering clinician, so that appropriate context and counseling can be provided. Even smaller subsets of results are blocked from viewing online, to comply with some state laws, for example HIV results in California. Currently, the test results feature does not include radiology and pathology results.
On the test results pages of the KP website members can view the results of their test, the standard range for the test, and general information about the type of test. Also included are comments their doctors may have added, such as, "This is heading in the right direction," and details such as when followup tests should be done. Members may view their test results as many times as they wish and results of past lab test remain in the members' accounts indefinitely. The feature enables members to view past test results, including the option of graphing the results over time, as well as the ability to create printer-friendly versions of the results. See Figure 1 for a screen shot of KP members' view of the test results feature on the KP website.
Figure 1.
Screen shot of lab test results feature on the KP patient website.
Utilization of the lab test results feature on the KP member website has increased steadily since its introduction (see Figure 2). Between 2008 (the first full year the feature was available to KP members in all regions) and 2012, use of the feature increased 93%. It was the most frequently used PHR feature each year and enjoys consistently high satisfaction ratings on member surveys, eg, 88% of 2,987 members participating in a December 2012 survey said they were satisfied or very satisfied with the lab test results feature on the KP website. Of the remaining survey participants, 3% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, and 8% said they were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied. The survey did not contain a probe asking about the reasons for dissatisfaction.
Figure 2.
Utilization of lab test results, 2007 – 2012.
Survey
Data for this study are from a survey of KP members who were registered for the patient website and who had viewed at least one lab test result on the KP website in the preceding year.
A random sample of members from KP's member research panel was invited to participate in the online survey. KP's research panel comprises approximately 25,000 KP members who agree to participate in KP research projects. Members are randomly sampled from those registered to use the KP member website and invited to join the research panel. Members of the panel are then randomly sampled and invited to participate in particular studies. The survey for this project was conducted in the fall of 2012. During the two weeks that the survey was open for participation one reminder email was sent to help increase the response.
The KP Northern California Institutional Review Board reviewed and approved an application to conduct this study.
Questionnaire
Respondents to this study answered questions about their emotional reactions to viewing test results online, what (if any) actions they took subsequent to viewing their test results, and whether their doctors communicated with them about the test results either before they viewed their results or afterward. The survey questionnaire was developed by KP staff and pre-tested with a separate small sample of members from the member research panel. After editing the questionnaire for clarity and question order, the survey was deployed to a larger random sample of panel members.
Tue, 02 Jan 2024 09:59:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/813736_2Medical Laboratory Science
Have you ever wondered...
Welcome to the world inside the medical laboratory, a world where medical laboratory scientists and other laboratory professionals find answers to these questions and much more.
This is the only master's level program in medical laboratory science offered in Alabama and one of the few graduate-level programs in the southeast.
Medical laboratory science is a growing field with many different career options available.
Careers in medical laboratory science are a good choice for students who enjoy the medical field but may not want to be involved in direct patient contact.
This program can help you transition into a new career from research, education, or another area of healthcare.
The Medical Laboratory Science program is committed to providing a high-quality education to prepare students with a solid educational background and a set of skills translatable to a variety of healthcare settings. Visit the UAB Graduate School catalog for the curriculum and course descriptions for this program.
Accreditation and Certification
The program is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences. Program graduates are eligible to apply for the certification examination offered by the American Society of Clinical Pathology Board of Certification (ASCP-BOC).
NAACLS
5600 N River Road, Suite 720 Rosemont, IL 60018-5119 Phone: 847.939.3597 Fax: 773.714.8886 URL: https://www.naacls.org/
ASCP Board of Certification
33 West Monroe Street, Suite 1600 Chicago, IL 60603 Phone: 312.541.4999 Fax: 312.541.4998 URL: https://www.ascp.org/
Thu, 26 Mar 2015 15:42:00 -0500en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.uab.edu/shp/cds/clinical-laboratory-sciences
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