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Topic 701: Software Engineering

701.1 Modern Software Development (weight: 6)

Weight: 6



Description: Candidates should be able to design software solutions suitable for modern runtime environments. Candidates should understand how services handle data persistence, sessions, status information, transactions, concurrency, security, performance, availability, scaling, load balancing, messaging, monitoring and APIs. Furthermore, candidates should understand the implications of agile and DevOps on software development.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand and design service based applications

Understand common API concepts and standards

Understand aspects of data storage, service status and session handling

Design software to be run in containers

Design software to be deployed to cloud services

Awareness of risks in the migration and integration of monolithic legacy software

Understand common application security risks and ways to mitigate them

Understand the concept of agile software development

Understand the concept of DevOps and its implications to software developers and operators

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



REST, JSON

Service Orientated Architectures (SOA)

Microservices

Immutable servers

Loose coupling

Cross site scripting, SQL injections, verbose error reports, API authentication, consistent enforcement of transport encryption

CORS headers and CSRF tokens

ACID properties and CAP theorem



701.2 Standard Components and Platforms for Software (weight: 2)

Weight: 2



Description: Candidates should understand services offered by common cloud platforms. They should be able to include these services in their application architectures and deployment toolchains and understand the required service configurations. OpenStack service components are used as a reference implementation.


Key Knowledge Areas:



Features and concepts of object storage

Features and concepts of relational and NoSQL databases

Features and concepts of message brokers and message queues

Features and concepts of big data services

Features and concepts of application runtimes / PaaS

Features and concepts of content delivery networks

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



OpenStack Swift

OpenStack Trove

OpenStack Zaqar

CloudFoundry

OpenShift





701.3 Source Code Management (weight: 5)

Weight: 5



Description: Candidates should be able to use Git to manage and share source code. This includes creating and contributing to a repository as well as the usage of tags, branches and remote repositories. Furthermore, the candidate should be able to merge files and resolve merging conflicts.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand Git concepts and repository structure

Manage files within a Git repository

Manage branches and tags

Work with remote repositories and branches as well as submodules

Merge files and branches

Awareness of SVN and CVS, including concepts of centralized and distributed SCM solutions

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



git

.gitignore





701.4 Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (weight: 5)

Weight: 5



Description: Candidates should understand the principles and components of a continuous integration and continuous delivery pipeline. Candidates should be able to implement a CI/CD pipeline using Jenkins, including triggering the CI/CD pipeline, running unit, integration and acceptance tests, packaging software and handling the deployment of tested software artifacts. This objective covers the feature set of Jenkins version 2.0 or later.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand the concepts of Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery

Understand the components of a CI/CD pipeline, including builds, unit, integration and acceptance tests, artifact management, delivery and deployment

Understand deployment best practices

Understand the architecture and features of Jenkins, including Jenkins Plugins, Jenkins API, notifications and distributed builds

Define and run jobs in Jenkins, including parameter handling

Fingerprinting, artifacts and artifact repositories

Understand how Jenkins models continuous delivery pipelines and implement a declarative continuous delivery pipeline in Jenkins

Awareness of possible authentication and authorization models

Understanding of the Pipeline Plugin

Understand the features of important Jenkins modules such as Copy Artifact Plugin, Fingerprint Plugin, Docker Pipeline, Docker Build and Publish plugin, Git Plugin, Credentials Plugin

Awareness of Artifactory and Nexus

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



Step, Node, Stage

Jenkins SDL

Jenkinsfile

Declarative Pipeline

Blue-green and canary deployment

Topic 702: Container Management

702.1 Container Usage (weight: 7)

Weight: 7



Description: Candidates should be able to build, share and operate Docker containers. This includes creating Dockerfiles, using a Docker registry, creating and interacting with containers as well as connecting containers to networks and storage volumes. This objective covers the feature set of Docker version 17.06 or later.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand the Docker architecture

Use existing Docker images from a Docker registry

Create Dockerfiles and build images from Dockerfiles

Upload images to a Docker registry

Operate and access Docker containers

Connect container to Docker networks

Use Docker volumes for shared and persistent container storage

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



docker

Dockerfile

.dockerignore





702.2 Container Deployment and Orchestration (weight: 5)

Weight: 5



Description: Candidates should be able to run and manage multiple containers that work together to provide a service. This includes the orchestration of Docker containers using Docker Compose in conjunction with an existing Docker Swarm cluster as well as using an existing Kubernetes cluster. This objective covers the feature sets of Docker Compose version 1.14 or later, Docker Swarm included in Docker 17.06 or later and Kubernetes 1.6 or later.


Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand the application model of Docker Compose

Create and run Docker Compose Files (version 3 or later)

Understand the architecture and functionality of Docker Swarm mode

Run containers in a Docker Swarm, including the definition of services, stacks and the usage of secrets

Understand the architecture and application model Kubernetes

Define and manage a container-based application for Kubernetes, including the definition of Deployments, Services, ReplicaSets and Pods

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



docker-compose

docker

kubectl





702.3 Container Infrastructure (weight: 4)

Weight: 4



Description: Candidates should be able to set up a runtime environment for containers. This includes running containers on a local workstation as well as setting up a dedicated container host. Furthermore, candidates should be aware of other container infrastructures, storage, networking and container specific security aspects. This objective covers the feature set of Docker version 17.06 or later and Docker Machine 0.12 or later.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Use Docker Machine to setup a Docker host

Understand Docker networking concepts, including overlay networks

Create and manage Docker networks

Understand Docker storage concepts

Create and manage Docker volumes

Awareness of Flocker and flannel

Understand the concepts of service discovery

Basic feature knowledge of CoreOS Container Linux, rkt and etcd

Understand security risks of container virtualization and container images and how to mitigate them
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



docker-machine

Topic 703: Machine Deployment

703.1 Virtual Machine Deployment (weight: 4)

Weight: 4



Description: Candidates should be able to automate the deployment of a virtual machine with an operating system and a specific set of configuration files and software.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand Vagrant architecture and concepts, including storage and networking

Retrieve and use boxes from Atlas

Create and run Vagrantfiles

Access Vagrant virtual machines

Share and synchronize folder between a Vagrant virtual machine and the host system

Understand Vagrant provisioning, including File, Shell, Ansible and Docker

Understand multi-machine setup

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



vagrant

Vagrantfile





703.2 Cloud Deployment (weight: 2)

Weight: 2



Description: Candidates should be able to configure IaaS cloud instances and adjust them to match their available hardware resources, specifically, disk space and volumes. Additinally, candidates should be able to configure instances to allow secure SSH logins and prepare the instances to be ready for a configuration management tool such as Ansible.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understanding the features and concepts of cloud-init, including user-data and initializing and configuring cloud-init
Use cloud-init to create, resize and mount file systems, configure user accounts, including login credentials such as SSH keys and install software packages from the distributions repository
Understand the features and implications of IaaS clouds and virtualization for a computing instance, such as snapshotting, pausing, cloning and resource limits.



703.3 System Image Creation (weight: 2)

Weight: 2



Description: Candidates should be able to create images for containers, virtual machines and IaaS cloud instances.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand the functionality and features of Packer

Create and maintain template files

Build images from template files using different builders

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



packer

Topic 704: Configuration Management

704.1 Ansible (weight: 8)

Weight: 8



Description: Candidates should be able to use Ansible to ensure a target server is in a specific state regarding its configuration and installed software. This objective covers the feature set of Ansible version 2.2 or later.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand the principles of automated system configuration and software installation

Create and maintain inventory files

Understand how Ansible interacts with remote systems

Manage SSH login credentials for Ansible, including using unprivileged login accounts

Create, maintain and run Ansible playbooks, including tasks, handlers, conditionals, loops and registers

Set and use variables

Maintain secrets using Ansible vaults

Write Jinja2 templates, including using common filters, loops and conditionals

Understand and use Ansible roles and install Ansible roles from Ansible Galaxy

Understand and use important Ansible tasks, including file, copy, template, ini_file, lineinfile, patch, replace, user, group, command, shell, service, systemd, cron, apt, debconf, yum, git, and debug

Awareness of dynamic inventory

Awareness of Ansibles features for non-Linux systems

Awareness of Ansible containers

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



ansible.cfg

ansible-playbook

ansible-vault

ansible-galaxy

ansible-doc





704.2 Other Configuration Management Tools (weight: 2)

Weight: 2



Description: Candidates should understand the main features and principles of important configuration management tools other than Ansible.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Basic feature and architecture knowledge of Puppet.

Basic feature and architecture knowledge of Chef.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



Manifest, Class, Recipe, Cookbook

puppet

chef

chef-solo

chef-client

chef-server-ctl

knife

Topic 705: Service Operations

705.1 IT Operations and Monitoring (weight: 4)

Weight: 4



Description: Candidates should understand how IT infrastructure is involved in delivering a service. This includes knowledge about the major goals of IT operations, understanding functional and nonfunctional properties of an IT services and ways to monitor and measure them using Prometheus. Furthermore candidates should understand major security risks in IT infrastructure. This objective covers the feature set of Prometheus 1.7 or later.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand goals of IT operations and service provisioning, including nonfunctional properties such as availability, latency, responsiveness

Understand and identify metrics and indicators to monitor and measure the technical functionality of a service

Understand and identify metrics and indicators to monitor and measure the logical functionality of a service

Understand the architecture of Prometheus, including Exporters, Pushgateway, Alertmanager and Grafana

Monitor containers and microservices using Prometheus

Understand the principles of IT attacks against IT infrastructure

Understand the principles of the most important ways to protect IT infrastructure

Understand core IT infrastructure components and their the role in deployment

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



Prometheus, Node exporter, Pushgateway, Alertmanager, Grafana

Service exploits, brute force attacks, and denial of service attacks

Security updates, packet filtering and application gateways

Virtualization hosts, DNS and load balancers





705.2 Log Management and Analysis (weight: 4)

Weight: 4



Description: Candidates should understand the role of log files in operations and troubleshooting. They should be able to set up centralized logging infrastructure based on Logstash to collect and normalize log data. Furthermore, candidates should understand how Elasticsearch and Kibana help to store and access log data.



Key Knowledge Areas:



Understand how application and system logging works

Understand the architecture and functionality of Logstash, including the lifecycle of a log message and Logstash plugins

Understand the architecture and functionality of Elasticsearch and Kibana in the context of log data management (Elastic Stack)

Configure Logstash to collect, normalize, transform and store log data

Configure syslog and Filebeat to send log data to Logstash

Configure Logstash to send email alerts

Understand application support for log management

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:



logstash

input, filter, output

grok filter

Log files, metrics

syslog.conf

/etc/logstash/logstash.yml

/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml

LPI answers