Test Detail:
The Firefighter test is a standardized assessment designed to evaluate the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals seeking to become firefighters. The test aims to assess candidates' aptitude for various tasks and responsibilities associated with firefighting. Here is a detailed description of the test, including the number of questions and time allocation, course outline, test objectives, and test syllabus.
Number of Questions and Time:
The number of questions and time allocation for the Firefighter test may vary depending on the administering organization or jurisdiction. Typically, the test consists of multiple-choice questions and may also include practical or physical assessment components. The total number of questions can range from approximately 100 to 200, and the time allotted for completion can vary between 2 to 4 hours.
Course Outline:
The course outline for the Firefighter test covers a wide range of subjects and skills relevant to firefighting. The content is designed to assess candidates' knowledge and abilities in areas such as:
1. Fire Science and Fire Behavior:
- Fire chemistry and physics
- Fire behavior and spread
- Types of fires and extinguishing methods
2. Fire Suppression and Rescue Techniques:
- Firefighting equipment and tools
- Fire suppression tactics and strategies
- Search and rescue operations
3. Hazardous Materials:
- Identification and classification of hazardous materials
- Handling and containment procedures
- Emergency response protocols
4. Emergency Medical Services:
- Basic first aid and CPR
- Medical emergencies and patient assessment
- EMS protocols and procedures
5. Fire Prevention and Inspection:
- Fire codes and regulations
- Fire safety inspections
- Public education and outreach
Exam Objectives:
The objectives of the Firefighter test are to assess candidates' readiness for the physical and intellectual demands of the firefighting profession. The specific objectives include:
1. Evaluating candidates' knowledge of fire science, including fire behavior, suppression methods, and safety protocols.
2. Assessing candidates' practical skills in handling firefighting equipment, executing firefighting techniques, and performing rescue operations.
3. Testing candidates' understanding of hazardous materials and their ability to respond effectively to incidents involving hazardous substances.
4. Assessing candidates' familiarity with emergency medical services and their ability to provide basic medical assistance in emergency situations.
5. Evaluating candidates' knowledge of fire prevention principles, including fire codes, safety inspections, and public education.
Exam Syllabus:
The test syllabus for the Firefighter test outlines the specific subjects and content areas that candidates should be familiar with. The syllabus may include:
1. Fire Science and Behavior:
- Fire chemistry and physics
- Fire dynamics and behavior
- Heat transfer and fire spread
2. Fire Suppression and Rescue:
- Firefighting tactics and strategies
- Use of firefighting equipment and tools
- Search and rescue techniques
3. Hazardous Materials:
- Hazard identification and classification
- Personal protective equipment (PPE) for hazardous materials incidents
- Emergency response procedures
4. Emergency Medical Services:
- Basic life support (BLS) procedures
- Patient assessment and triage
- Medical emergencies and treatment protocols
5. Fire Prevention and Inspection:
- Fire codes and regulations
- Fire safety inspections and compliance
- Community fire prevention and education programs
Candidates should refer to the specific guidelines provided by the administering organization or jurisdiction to obtain accurate and up-to-date information on the test format, content coverage, and requirements. It is recommended to allocate sufficient time for test preparation, which may include studying fire science principles, practicing firefighting techniques, and familiarizing oneself with emergency medical procedures and protocols.
If you are interested in successfully completing the Firefighter Firefighter test to start earning, killexams.com has leading edge developed Firefighter real test questions that will ensure you pass this Firefighter exam! killexams.com delivers you the most accurate, current and latest updated Firefighter dumps questions and available with a 100% money back guarantee.
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https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/Firefighter Question: 589
image
A. a pulley
B. a siphon
C. a gauge
D. a spring Answer: B
To use a siphon, you would first submerge the entire length of hose in tank 1 in
order to completely fill it with water. You would then place one end of the hose in
tank 1 and the other end in tank 2, as shown in the diagram. Since the end of the
hose in tank 2 is lower than the end in tank 1, the extra weight of the water in the
right side of the hose will cause the water to flow into tank 2. Question: 590
Which of the following mechanical devices is used to open a common soft drink
can?
A. a winch
B. a lever
C. a wrench
D. a piston Answer: B
The little tab you use to pry open the can is a lever. You lift up one end of the
lever, which rotates around a pivot point and forces the other end of the lever
downward, so that the can pops open. Question: 591
Which hand tool listed below is used to tighten a nut and bolt?
A. a crescent wrench
B. a screwdriver
C. an awl
D. a hammer Answer: A
A crescent wrench is used to tighten bolts. A screwdriver is used to tighten
screws, an awl to start holes in wood to accommodate nails or screws, and a
hammer to drive nails. Question: 592
image
A. temporarily hold two boards together.
B. hold up a car to repair a flat tire.
C. secure a nut as the bolt is tightened.
D. make a straight cut on a board. Answer: A
The C-clamp would be placed around the two boards and tightened by turning the
screw with the handle. Question: 593
The primary function of a wire mesh screen is to
A. transport water on a construction project.
B. aid in memorizing a directional compass.
C. separate large particles from smaller ones.
D. lift heavy loads in a warehouse. Answer: C
Besides being used on windows and doors where they keep large particles such
as flies out of your living roomscreens are typically used in industrial
applications to sift granularmaterials such as rock, sand, and dirt in order to
separate large pieces from small pieces. Question: 594
A crane is primarily used to perform which of the following functions?
A. pushing
B. drilling
C. welding
D. lifting Answer: D
A crane is used to raise and lower large items that are too heavy or awkward to
lift by hand. Question: 595
Which of the following statements is true concerning the differences between an
electric motor and a gas-powered engine?
A. There are no differences, the devices are essentially the same.
B. An electric motor requires an external power source other than itself to operate.
C. Gas-powered engines are safer to use in a confined space or area.
D. Electric motors tend to produce more noise then gas-powered engines. Answer: B
An electric motor requires an external power source to operate, whereas an engine
consumes fuel and powers itself, usually with an internal combustion engine. Gas-
powered engines should be used with caution in confined spaces because they
will produce harmful emissions, whereas electric motors typically do not. Electric
motors and electrically powered tools tend to be quieter than similar gas-powered
tools. Question: 596
image
A. position A
B. position B
C. position C
D. position D Answer: C
Figure 3 shows the attachment of the tie rod to the crankshaft at the bottom of the
crankshaft. Another 90-degree counterclockwise rotation would place the
attachment point on the right side of the crankshaft at position C. Question: 597
A bicycle wheel has a diameter of 1.9 feet and a circumference of 6 feet. A girl
rides this bicycle for two revolutions of this wheel. How far down the driveway
does she travel?
A. 20 feet
B. 12 feet
C. 4 feet
D. 2 feet Answer: B
The circumference is the distance around the outer edge of the wheel. Two
revolutions of a wheel 6 feet in circumference would result in a distance traveled
of 12 feet. Question: 598
The primary purpose of a pump is to
A. lift heavy equipment.
B. move fluids from one point to another.
C. reduce vibration of internal combustion engines.
D. regulate the speed of an electric motor. Answer: B
A pump is a rotating piece of machinery normally driven by an electric motor.
Fluid is pulled into the front of the pump, accelerated through the pump, and
discharged through the back of the pump. Pumps are used to move fluids such as
water, gasoline, and waste water, as well as thick industrial slurries such as
fertilizer and mine tailings. Question: 599
image
A. valves 2, 4, and 6
B. valves 1, 2, and 3
C. valves 1, 2, and 4
D. valves 1, 2, and 5 Answer: D
Carefully follow the flow diagram to verify that you must open valves 1, 2, and 5.
If you opened valves 4 and 6, water would flow to point C as well as to point D. Question: 600
Which of the following is an electrical, as opposed to a mechanical, device?
A. a wrench
B. a clamp
C. a hydraulic jack
D. a battery Answer: D
A battery is an electrical device. The other items listed are common mechanical
devices. Question: 601
Newtons First Law of physics says, -A body (such as a car) that is in motion
along a straight line will remain in motion, at the same speed, along the same
straight line, unless acted upon by an outside force.? A car is traveling down a
straight, flat road at 30 miles per hour. The operation of all but one of the items
listed below can help demonstrate Newtons First Law.Which itemcannot be used
to demonstrate this law?
A. the brakes
B. the gas pedal
C. the steering wheel
D. the radiator Answer: D
Newtons First Law says that a vehicle will move at the same speed unless an
outsideforce is applieD. Both the brakes and the gas pedal could be used to apply
such a force. Newtons First Law also says that the vehicle will travel along the
same straight line unless an outside forcethe action of the steering wheel, for
instanceis applieD. The radiator does not affect the speed or direction of the
cars motion. Question: 602
image
A. 10 psi
B. 20 psi
C. 25 psi
D. 30 psi Answer: D
The gauge indicates that any pressure greater than 20 psi is in the danger zone. Question: 603
You are cutting 18" square pieces from a four- foot by eight-foot sheet of
plywood.How many pieces can be cut from a single sheet of plywood?
A. 15
B. 18
C. 10
D. 20 Answer: C
Ten full pieces can be cut from a single sheet of plywooD. The full sheet is 4' ×
8'; 48" × 96". You can cut two full pieces across the width; 2 pieces × 18" wide =
36", leaving 12" remaining. You can cut five full pieces along the 8' length of the
plywood; 5 pieces × 18" long = 90", leaving 6" remaining.
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Cool fireman costume set: you will receive 12 pieces of firefighter vests, 12 pieces of boys fireman hat, 24 pieces in total, which is a nice combination for you to role play with your friends, and enough quantity can let more kids be involved in the game or party
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Passbooks prepare you by allowing you to take practice exams in the subjects you need to study.
Hundreds of questions & answers in areas likely to be covered on your upcoming exam.
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Being prepared is the best way to ease the stress of test taking. If you are having difficulty scheduling your Placement Test, please contact the UNG Testing Office.
Practice, practice, practice before your scheduled Placement Test.Â
If you have a physical or learning disability, contact Disability Services promptly to discuss whether or not you are eligible for accommodations at UNG for your Placement Test.
The night before your Placement Test, get a good nightâs sleep. This is not an ideal time to stay out late with friends. Take a rain check on that.
Make certain you eat something nutritious before your test. Your brain cannot work on low fuel. Also make certain you are hydrated. Good choices are fruit, yogurt, almonds, or peanut butter crackers and water.
Make certain you have directions to the test site and that you allow sufficient time to get lost at least once, search for a parking space, use the restroom, check in with the testing administrator, and take some calming breaths before the test begins.
The testing environment tends to be a little cool, so please bring a sweater with you, just in case. Scratch paper and pencils are provided by the testing administrator. You will not be permitted to use an outside calculator or your cell phone in the testing center; lockers are provided to secure your personal items.
If you are required to take more than one subject area test, the order in which they are administered is: Writing 1st (if required); memorizing 2nd (if required); and Math 3rd (if required). All of this is completed on a computer in one session.
Please read all test directions carefully. They often see students scoring low on the Placement Test simply because they rush through the directions and then donât fully understand or follow them. The directions for each test are different, so take the time to read through each set of instructions.
The Placement Tests are not timed (with the exception of the WritePlacer). Please do not be concerned if other students are finishing before you. They may not be required to take the same number of tests as you. They also may have a different set of math problems or different memorizing passages than you. Nobody is your pace car and this isnât a race to the finish line.
Following University System of Georgia policy, UNG will use your Next Generation Accuplacer scores to determine placement into or out of Learning Support. Students who score below 243 on the memorizing test (scored on a 200-300 point scale) and/or below 4 on the WritePlacer (scored on a 0-8 point scale) will have a Learning Support English requirement at UNG. Students who score below 258 on the Quantitative Reasoning, Algebra, and Statistics (QRAS) test (scored on a 200-300 point scale) will have a Learning Support math requirement at UNG. Students scoring between 258 and 265 will have a Learning Support math requirement at UNG if their major requires College Algebra, MATH 1111, either as a core requirement or as a pre-requisite for a core math requirement. Your scores do not determine admissibility but, rather, determine placement. For more information about Learning Support you can read about it on the Learning Support Website.
Upon receiving an Admissions decision on your Check Application Status site, please contact Dede deLaughter (by email or by phone at 706-310-6207)with any questions you may have about your test results and/or any retesting options.
If you do place into Learning Support, please understand that this is not punitive but, rather, in your best interest. UNG strives to support you in achieving your academic goals, and that includes starting you in the appropriate level of instruction that sets you up for academic success.
If you have a red yes in any Placement Test Required row on your Check Application Status page in Banner, read the information below relating to the area in which you have the red yes.
Click on the Register NEW Account button. Look on your Check Application Status page for the School Number and School Key. After you register, you will be issued a username and password. SAVE this information for future log-in access!
Donât rush. You will have one hour to write your essay. Your essay will be evaluated on organization, focus, development and support, sentence structure, and mechanical conventions.
Use the provided scratch paper to do your brainstorming.
Using your brainstorming ideas, write your essay.
BEFORE YOU SUBMIT your essay, PROOFREAD!
Proofreading tips:
Make sure your essay actually answers the prompt.
If you used examples, make certain they are clear and concise.
Avoid using impressive-sounding vocabulary unless you are absolutely certain you are using those words correctly.
Re-read every paragraph carefully. You know what you meant to say. Will the reader know what you meant to say?
Re-read your entire essay from the bottom to the top, one sentence at a time. This is a good way to catch grammar errors, like sentence fragments, subject-verb agreement errors, punctuation errors, and the like.
Be sure to review the information in the preparation modules before and between practice tests to Improve your score!
Practice the Test
Visit the free Longsdale Publishing Accuplacer practice site. Then click on the Register NEW Account button. Look on your Check Application Status page for the School Number and School Key. After you register, you will be issued a username and password. SAVE this information for future log-in access!
Select the Quantitative Reasoning, Algebra, and Statistics (QRAS) test.
Be sure to review the information in the preparation modules before and between practice tests to Improve your score!
Take your time. Answering the math problems as accurately as possible could save you time and money in the future if you are not required to take an extra math class.
Check your answers. Remember, in a multiple choice test, there are usually at least two wrong answers that are based on the most common miscalculations or process errors.
Calculators and scrap paper. Certain placement test problems will allow you to use the built-in calculator. If not, use the scratch paper that will be provided. (This scratch paper will be collected before you leave the test, so donât make your to-do list on it.)
Practice the Test
Visit the free Longsdale Publishing Accuplacer practice site. To set up your free account, first obtain the UNG School Number and School Key by emailing learningsupport@ung.edu - preferably from your UNG email account, providing your student ID (900) number. Then click on the Register New Account button. After you register, you will be issued a username and password. Save this information for future log-in access!
Select the appropriate Eligibility Exam: QRAS if you are attempting eligibility to take College Algebra, MATH 1111; Advanced Algebra and Functions if you are eligible to take MATH 1111 and are attempting eligibility to take Pre-calculus, MATH 1113, Brief Calculus, MATH 2040, or Calculus I, MATH 1450.
Be sure to review the information in the preparation modules before and between practice tests to Improve your score!
Check your answers. Remember, in a multiple choice test, there are usually at least two wrong answers that are based on the most common miscalculations or process errors.
Calculators and scrap paper: certain placement test problems will allow you to use the built-in calculator. If not, use the scratch paper that will be provided. (This scratch paper will be collected before you leave the test, so donât make your to-do list on it.)
Transitioning away from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which offer water- and oil-repelling properties on the outer shells of firefighter turnout gear, could bring potential performance tradeoffs, according to a new study from North Carolina State University.
The study showed that turnout gear without PFAS outer shell coatings were not oil-repellent, posing a potential flammability hazard to firefighters if exposed to oil and flame, said Bryan Ormond, assistant professor of textile engineering, chemistry and science at NC State and corresponding author of a paper describing the research.
âAll oil repellents can also repel water, but all water repellents donât necessarily repel oil,â Ormond said. âDiesel fuel is really difficult to repel, as is hydraulic fluid; in their testing, PFAS-treated materials repel both. In their tests, turnout gear without PFAS repelled water but not oil or hydraulic fluid.
âFurther, oils seem to spread out even more on the PFAS-free gear, potentially increasing the hazard.â
PFAS chemicals â known as forever chemicals because of their environmental persistence â are used in food packaging, cookware and cosmetics, among other uses, but have recently been implicated in higher risks of cancer, higher cholesterol levels and compromised immune systems in humans. In response, firefighters have sought alternative chemical compounds â like the hydrocarbon wax coating used in the study â on turnout gear to repel water and oils.
Besides testing the oil- and water-repelling properties of PFAS-treated and PFAS-free outer garments, the NC State researchers also compared how the outer shells aged in job-related exposures like weathering, high heat and repeated laundering, and whether the garments remained durable and withstood tears and rips.
The study showed that PFAS-treated and PFAS-free outer shells performed similarly after exposure to UV rays and various levels of heat and moisture, as well as passes through heating equipment â similar to a pizza oven â and through washing machines.
âLaundering the gear is actually very damaging to turnout gear because of the washing machineâs agitation and cleaning agents used,â Ormond said.
âWe also performed chemical analyses to see whatâs happening during the weathering process,â said Nur Mazumder, an NC State doctoral student in fiber and polymer science and lead author of the paper. âAre they losing the PFAS chemistries, the PFAS-free chemistries or both when they age the garments? It turns out that they lost significant amounts of both of these finishes after the aging tests.â
Both types of garments performed similarly when tested for strength against tearing the outer shell fabric. The researchers say the PFAS and PFAS-free coatings didnât seem to affect this attribute.
Ormond said that future work will explore how much oil repellency is needed by firefighters out in the field.
âEven with PFAS treatment, you see a difference between a splash of fluid and soaked-in fluid,â Ormond said. âFor all of its benefits, PFAS-treated gear, when soaked, is dangerous to firefighters. So they need to really ask âWhat do firefighters need?â If youâre not experiencing this need for oil repellency, thereâs no worry about switching to non-PFAS gear. But firefighters need to know the non-PFAS gear will absorb oil, regardless of what those oils are.â
Andrew Hall, another NC State doctoral student in fiber and polymer science and co-author on the paper, is also testing dermal absorption, or taking the aged outer shell materials and placing them on a skin surrogate for a day or two. Are outer shell chemicals absorbed in the skin surrogate after these admittedly extreme exposure durations?
âFirefighting as a job is classified as a carcinogen and it shouldnât be,â Ormond said. âHow do they make better gear for them? How do they come up with better finishes and strategies for them?
âThese arenât just fabrics,â Ormond said. âThey are highly engineered pieces of material that arenât easily replaced.â
The paper appears in the Journal of Industrial Textiles. Funding for the research came from the Federal Emergency Management Agencyâs Assistance to Firefighters Grants Program.
-kulikowski-
Note to editors: The abstract of the paper follows.
"Toward the future of firefighter gear: Assessing fluorinated and non- fluorinated outer shells following simulated on-the-job exposures"
Authors: Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder, Jingtian Lu, Andrew Stephen Hall, Arash Kasebi, Arjunsing Girase and R. Bryan Ormond, North Carolina State University; Farzaneh Masoud, Illinois Fire Service Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Jeffrey O. Stull, International Personnel Protection Inc.
Published: Nov. 30 in Journal of Industrial Textiles
DOI: 10.1177/15280837231217401Â Â Â
Abstract: In 2022, the occupation of firefighting was categorized as a âGroup 1â carcinogen, meaning it is known to be carcinogenic to humans. The personal protective equipment that structural firefighters wear is designed to safeguard them from thermal, physical, and chemical hazards while maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. Typically, the outer layer of structural turnout gear is finished with a durable water and oil-repellent (DWR) coating based on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that helps limit exposure to water and hazardous liquids. The PFAS-based aqueous emulsion typically used in DWR finishes is highly persistent and can cause various health problems if absorbed into the body through ingestion, inhalation, and/or dermal absorption. In response, the U.S. Fire Service has begun using non-PFAS water repellants in firefighter turnout gear. This study aims to evaluate the performance of both traditional PFAS-based and alternative non-PFAS outer shell materials. The study involved exposing both PFAS-based and non-PFAS DWR outer shell materials in turnout composites to simulated job exposures (i.e., weathering, thermal exposure, and laundering) that artificially aged the materials. After exposures, samples were evaluated for repellency, durability, thermal protection, and surface chemistry analysis to determine any potential performance trade-offs that may exist. Non-PFAS outer shell fabrics were found not to be diesel/oil-repellent, posing a potential flammability hazard if exposed to diesel and subsequent flame on an emergency response. Both PFAS-based and non-PFAS sets of fabrics performed similarly in terms of thermal protective performance, tearing strength, and water repellency. The surface analysis suggests that both PFAS and non-PFAS chemistries can degrade and shed from fabrics during the aging process. The study indicates that firefighters should be educated and trained regarding the potential performance trade-offs, such as oil absorption and flammability concerns when transitioning to non-PFAS outer shell materials.
Journal
Journal of Industrial Textiles
Method of Research
Experimental study
Subject of Research
Not applicable
Article Title
Toward the future of firefighter gear: Assessing fluorinated and non-fluorinated outer shells following simulated on-the-job exposures
Article Publication Date
30-Nov-2023
COI Statement
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Thu, 30 Nov 2023 07:03:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1009761Test of Courage: The Making of a FirefighterNo result found, try new keyword!Brendan Dunham (Self)Chandra Holiday (Self)Terry Sanders (Self)Frank Tijiboy (Self) Gary Mercer, Kyung Sun Yu Over the course of three years five men and women try out for the Oakland Fire ...Mon, 22 May 2023 20:53:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/test-of-courage-the-making-of-a-firefighter-2000Firefighter, woman sue Cleveland over old, discriminatory physical fitness test
A lawsuit filed Wednesday seeks the city to supply a firefighter back pay and seniority and an order for the city to hire a woman who took a 2017 physical agility test later determined to be discriminatory.
CLEVELAND, Ohio â A Cleveland firefighter and a woman passed over for the position sued the city on Wednesday, arguing that an old physical fitness test for prospective hires discriminated against women and caused both to lose time on the job and money.
Firefighter Yolanda McKay said the old test caused her to be passed over in 2017. She was later hired in 2022, two years after the city changed its test. Christine Scott of North Royalton also took the earlier exam, but she was not chosen.
The lawsuit filed in federal court in Cleveland asks for a judge to order the city to hire Scott. It also seeks that Scott and McKay receive back pay and seniority from the 2017 test.
Cleveland spokesman Tyler Sinclair said in a statement that the city is reviewing the lawsuit to âdetermine the proper course of action.â
âThe city values its commitment to federal and state non-discrimination laws,â Sinclair said.
The city changed its physical agility test in 2020 after the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission found that the fire department for years discriminated against women in many forms, including the agility test required in the hiring process.
The EEOC found the discrimination was a significant factor in the departmentâs failure to hire a woman for the job in some 30 years.
When McKay and Scott took the test in 2017, both were mere steps away from finishing when the test-taker said they had run out of time.
Three years later, the city adopted a different test. McKay passed the new test in 2022, and the city hired her, the lawsuit said.
The lawsuit said at the end of last year, only 14 of the cityâs 778 firefighters were women.
Adam Ferrise covers federal courts atcleveland.comand The Plain Dealer. You can find his workhere.
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Thu, 07 Dec 2023 19:39:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.cleveland.com/court-justice/2023/12/firefighter-woman-sue-cleveland-over-old-discriminatory-physical-fitness-test.html?outputType=ampFirefighter wrongly sacked for failed fitness test
A firefighter was wrongly sacked after failing a fitness test, an employment tribunal has found.
Rob Moss was dismissed from Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service after 28 years of service.
The tribunal found his employer did not find alternative roles for him after he failed his test, but dismissed his claims he was fired due to his role with the Fire Brigades' Union.
A fire service spokesperson said it was reviewing the judgement to identify opportunities for learning.
After it was found that his dismissal was unfair, Mr Moss said he felt "vindicated".
"Justice has been done," he said.
"For a person already suffering depression, it has been a very challenging period.
"Iâm looking forward to putting it behind me and getting on with the rest of my life."
Before the fitness test, Mr Moss had been based at Newcastle-under-Lyme Fire Station and had been put on a training programme to help him pass the fitness test.
The judgement said Mr Moss was not dismissed because he had taken part in trade union activities, but for capability reasons.
"His dismissal for that reason was unfair," the judgement read. "His complaint of unfair dismissal is therefore well-founded."
A remedy for Mr Moss's unfair dismissal will be considered at a later date.
Losing his job after 28 years however means Mr Moss will miss out on benefits enjoyed by servicemen after 30 years or more, including relaxed pension rules and a ceremonial axe upon retirement.
"After 28 years it was a very casual and callous way to discard someone â and someone whoâs never had a formal warning in all that time,â Mr Moss said.
A spokesperson for Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service said: "We are reviewing the judgement and next steps and will identify any learnings going forward.
"However, the judge found that the claimant was not dismissed because of his trade union activities."
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